Textural and structural characteristics

To promote the use of poor quality water for irrigation, a field research study was conducted in three semi-arid regions with water scarceness in Syria in order to define, under field conditions, the wheat yield response function to irrigation water salinity, the effect of soil texture and structural characteristics on the irrigation water salinity threshold, and to compare this value with the conventional threshold value. 

In order to correlate the performance and stability of Cu-ZnO catalysts with their textural and structural characteristics, catalytic activity was determined for the CO water-gas-shift reaction. The results are presented in Table 3 for various reduction conditions in the form of reaction rates in a differential reactor. 

Samples dealuminated with SiCl4 were prepared following (2) and working at 250-500°C. Textural and structural characteristics of the zeolite samples are given in Table I. The high purity (99.5%) n-heptane was from Carlo Erba. The physicochemical properties of the vacuum gas-oil are given elsewhere (3). 

Table I. Textural and structural characteristics of the HYUS and HYD samples ...

Zone Main constituents Characteristic subordinate (accessory), and (rare) minerals Textural and structural characteristics GeochemicaUy important major and (minor) elements... 

Compared to conventional white-light analysis, fluorescence microscopy reveals a greater number and variety of macerals, as well as, characteristic textures and structures. Although the spectra of fluorescent macerals are broad-peaked and, at this time, not suitable for chemical structure analysis, they are characteristic of maceral types and rank. 

Like polysaccharides, proteins impart texture and structure to foods. Protein-polysaccharide blends may assume physical, ionic, or covalent character, may be soluble or insoluble, and may sometimes exhibit synergism. The characteristics of the blend are as much a response to the reaction environment as to the properties of each ligand. 

Sugar, starch and powdered milk are components normally present in large proportions in the preparation of puddings. The proportion of starch is highly influential on the textural and structural properties of these confections. Braga Neto (1998) investigated how five pudding characteristics are affected by variations in the proportions of the three main... 

In order to achieve and maintain the desirable body, texture, and performance characteristics, it is essential that the crystals in the solid fat portion of margarines and shortenings be very small (approximately 10 x or less). The proper crystal structure is achieved by solidifying the product rapidly (see Section II,G). 

FIGURE 1.188 (a) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and (b) primary partiele size distributions for siliea initial and MCA-treated wetted powder for 1 and 6 h caleulated using the adsorption data with the model of voids between spherical particles and the SCR procedure. (Adapted from J. Colloid Interface Sci., 355, Gun ko, V.M., Voronin, E.F., Nosach, L.V. et al.. Structural, textural and adsorption characteristics of nanosilica mechanochemically activated in different media, 300-311,2011e. Copyright 2011, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Thus, the structural and adsorption properties of nanosilicas depend not only on the synthesis conditions such as the ratio of reactants (SiCl4, Oj, and Hj), temperature, flow velocity, turbulence and length of the flame, and additional external actions (e.g., electrostatic field) but also on heating, hydrothermal, or mechanochemical treatment that affect the structural, textural, and morphological characteristics, and therefore, the interfacial phenomena at a surface of treated nanosilicas. 

Interactions of ID polymers with porous solid particles depend on many factors types (chemistry) of a polymer and a solid, textural, and morphological characteristics of solid particles (5, V, PSD, particle size), dispersion medium (solvent can be a strong competitor especially in narrow pores), concentration, temperature, and time of interactions. In this case, the confined space effects can play a much stronger role than in the case of nanooxides composed of nonporous nanoparticles. A polymer shell on adsorbent particles can form a strong barrier (thick cross-linked 3D strictures) or a semipermeable membrane (thin 2D structures at a lower degree of cross-linking). Core-shell... 

In the present study, spinel ferrites nanocrystals with different structures were prepared from an aqueous solution containing metal nitrates, poly (vinyl pyrrolidon), and deionized water using a relatively low temperature thermal treatment method, followed by grinding and calcinations. No other chemicals were added to the solution. This method is environmentally friendly in that it neither uses nor produces toxic substances, and it offers the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and low reaction temperatures. The textural and morphological characteristics of the spinel ferrites nanocrystals we prepared were studied with various techniques to determine the influence of calcination temperature on the crystallization, morphology, and particle size distribution of the nanocrystals and to explore other parameters of interest. 

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