Textiles Periodicals

Periodicals can be easily used as sources of information in research studies by use of either the annual indexes to their contents published by the better magazines themselves, or by use of such standard indexes as Industrial Arts Index, Engineer-inff Index, etc. The bibliography presented in this paper includes a list of every known textile periodical published in the world. This list, compiled by Textile World, also indicates in which standard references the issues are indexed, if they are indexed at all. 

A researcher can keep up to date on what is new in bulletins by following the pages carried by most textile periodicals on which such bulletins are listed as they are issued. The researcher can also make use of the services of the magazine in securing these bulletins without charge, if desired. 

Information or answers to questions that cannot be found in any of these sources can usually be obtained by writing to the textile periodicals, trade associations, or textile schools. A list of these trade associations and schools is also presented in this paper. 

Thermally activated initiators (qv) such as azobisisobutyroaittile (AIBN), ammonium persulfate, or benzoyl peroxide can be used in solution polymeriza tion, but these initiators (qv) are slow acting at temperatures required for textile-grade polymer processes. Half-hves for this type of initiator are in the range of 10—20 h at 50—60°C (13). Therefore, these initiators are used mainly in batch or semibatch processes where the reaction is carried out over an extended period of time. 

The Textile Eiber Product Identification Act (TEPIA) requires that the fiber content of textile articles be labeled (16). The Eederal Trade Commission estabhshed and periodically refines the generic fiber definitions. The current definition for a polyester fiber is "A manufactured fiber ia which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxyUc acid, including but not restricted to terephthalate units, and para substituted hydroxyben2oate units."... 

Sulfates of sodium are iadustriaUy important materials commonly sold ia three forms (Table 1). In the period from 1970 to 1981, > 1 million metric tons were consumed aimuaHy ia the United States. Siace then, demand has declined. In 1988 consumption dropped to 890,000 t, and ia 1994 to 610,000 t (1,2). Sodium sulfate is used principally (40%) ia the soap (qv) and detergent iadustries. Pulp and paper manufacturers consume 25%, textiles 19%, glass 5%, and miscellaneous iadustries consume 11% (3). About half of all sodium sulfate produced is a synthetic by-product of rayon, dichromate, phenol (qv), or potash (see Chromium compounds Fibers, regenerated cellulosics Potassium compounds). Sodium sulfate made as a by-product is referred to as synthetic. Sodium sulfate made from mirabilite, thenardite, or naturally occurring brine is called natural sodium sulfate. In 1994, about 300,000 t of sodium sulfate were produced as a by-product another 300,000 t were produced from natural sodium sulfate deposits (4). 

Two sohd organic peracids have been utilized ia textile bleaching products. Diperoxydodecanedioic acid, (16), [66280-55-5] a hydrotropic peracid, and the magnesium salt [78948-87-5] of monoperoxyphthaUc acid, (17), [2311-91-3] a hydrophilic peracid, were contained in bleaching products for a short period of time (142). 

In continuous dyeing there are many variables and the rapidity of the dyeing process requites many adjustments during the period in which several thousand meters of textile are dyed. Instmmental science has continued to advance rapidly so that continuous ranges are available which are entirely computer-controUed except for the makeup of the dye mix. These units feature computer control and closed-cincuit television and continuous color measurement techniques. 

Halb-weiss, n. Textiles) half-bleach, -wert-druck, m. half-value pressure, -wertsbreite, /. width at half of maximum intensity (of a spectral line or band), -wertzeit,/. half-life period. -woUe, /. half-wool, union. -woU-farberei, /. union dyeing, -wuste, /, semi-desert. 

After the decontamination process not the whole amount of the mustard agent is decontaminated and 2-3% of the preliminary quantity remains bonded to textile. Comparing both evaporation and decontamination the temperature has a significant influence on the kinetics of the process. At of 60°C mustard agent is not fully decontaminated in the researched period of time. 

Working first with Polanyi, Weissenberg, and Brill, and later as the leader of the Textile Chemistry Section, Mark successively published papers on the crystal structures of hexamethylenetetramine, pentaerythritol, zinc salts, tin, urea, tin salts, triphenylmethane, bismuth, graphite, sulfur, oxalic acid, acetaldehyde, ammonia, ethane, diborane, carbon dioxide, and some aluminum silicates. Each paper showed his and the laboratory s increasing sophistication in the technique of X-ray diffraction. Their work over the period broadened to include contributions to the theories of atomic and molecular structure and X-ray scattering theory. A number of his papers were particularly notable including his work with Polanyi on the structure of white tin ( 3, 4 ), E. Wigner on the structure of rhombic sulfur (5), and E. Pohland on the low temperature crystal structure of ammonia and carbon dioxide (6, 7). The Mark-Szilard effect, a classical component of X-ray physics, was a result of his collaboration with Leo Szilard (8). And his work with E. A. Hauser (9, 10, 11) on rubber and J. R. 

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