Textile consolidation

Some suggestions for additional work in the model aging study were made in Part I (I). In the search for a better textile consolidant, the following areas still need to be examined ... 

Immediately below the nozzle a tube is formed from a strip of paper which is bent round in a forming die. The paper tube thus formed and containing relatively loose PETN passes through a second die, at which stage it is also spun with textile, often in this case jute to give maximum tensile strength. This second die is smaller than the first and therefore exerts a consolidating... 

A driven, fabric reinforced, beltlike component over which loosely formed textile fibres (slub) are drafted (orientated and drawn) to improve yam formation and consolidation. Two aprons work face to face, between which the yam being formed is drawn. The aprons separate two sets of cots and fluted steel rollers, revolving at different speeds to create the stretching required. 

In further recognition of Industry responsibilities, efforts were made through the American Textile Manufacturers Institute to develop a set of work practices for industry-wide application to diminish the exposure of individual employees to cotton dust hazards. The comprehensive and stringent series of work practices developed were consolidated into a printed booklet in 19730). This publication was distributed widely through the industry. In addition, an industry delegation called on the Secretary of Labor, urging that the recommended practices be established immediately as a mandatory OSHA standardO). This was not done. 

Decorative laminate is defined in ISO 472 but in common usage has come to mean sheet materials consisting of decorative surface papers impregnated with melamine resin and consolidated under heat and pressure with plies of core paper permeated with phenolic resin. In a wider sense the term can be applied to many associated products—including laminates in solid colour laminates with facings such as metal foils, textiles, or wood veneers polyester laminates direct faced boards and composite boards comprising thin laminates bonded to substrates of various kinds. 

As these results show, naturally degraded cellulose has not yet been fully characterized or duplicated. However, a sharp drop in DP and an accompanying strength loss are common to all the artificially and naturally degraded samples. Since it is the weakened condition of the textile that is being addressed in the consolidation study, any one of the model systems should serve as a useful substrate, at least in the initial studies, even if not all the properties of naturally degraded fabrics are matched. 

TJart I of this series of papers (I) described attempts to prepare artifi-dally degraded cotton fabrics which would serve as suitable substrates for evaluating materials intended for use in the textile conservation workshop. While no one system completely reproduced the characteristics of naturally degraded samples, fabrics aged by irradiation were judged adequate for the consolidation study. 

Screening of resins should continue in the search for the most suitable ones for consolidation of textiles. 

Once it is ascertained that a consolidant meets the original criteria of increasing tensile and tearing strength (or at least not decreasing them) while maintaining hand and flexibility and that the application process will not harm the fabric, it will be possible, and necessary, to address the questions of long term effects of treatment with the material. Only when this final characteristic is known will a consolidant be considered for use in the textile conservation laboratory. 

Fig. 1.8 Confocal Raman spectrum obtained from a heat-sealed composite silkZParaloid 726/ silk crepeline sample. In art-conservation polymers, such as polyCbutyl methacrylate) are used to consolidate fragile antique textiles. Here the lateral resolution of the technique has been combined with the confocal optics to decouple the spectrum of the adhesive from those of the other components.

Alcanex FR 100 Alcanex FRC 600 Bonrex FC Borax 2335 Boric acid, zinc salt Climax ZB 467 EINECS 215-566-6 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128859 Firebrake ZB Firebrake ZB 500 Flamtard Z 10 FRC 600 HSDB 1046 JS 9502 SZB 2335 XP1187 ZB 112 ZB 237 ZB 467 Lite Zinc borate ZN 100 ZSB 2335 ZT ZT (fire retardant). Medicine, fireproohng textiles, fungistat, mildew inhibitor. Zinc Borate 2335 (Borax Consolidated Ltd) is a specialty flame retardant additive to plasticized PVC and other polymers to reduce afterglow and smoke. Solid mp = 980° d = 3.64 insoluble in H2O, slightly soluble in dilute acids. BA Cham. Ltd. Borax Consolidated Ltd Borax Europe Ltd Climax Performance U.S. Borax. 

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