Tetrazolium Violet

An alternative method uses glycerol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.6) to produce NADH. This is measured either by its absorbance at 340 nm or by using a diaphorase (EC 1.6.4.3), which catalyses the reduction of a dye, p-iodonitro-tetrazolium violet (INT) to produce a coloured complex with an absorption maximum at 540 nm ... 

Bamstedt, U. (2000). A new method to estimate respiration rate of biological material based on the reduction of tetrazolium violet. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 251, 239-263. 

L-lithium lactate + NAD pyravic acid + NADH NADH + tetrazolium violet > nAD + formazan... 

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Tetrazolium violet Diaphorase... 

Zinc was determined in environmental samples [108] and in copper selenide [109] with the use of PAR. Zn was determined in brass (in the presence of Ni) by derivative spectrophotometry with the use of 2-(2-pyridylmethylene-amino)phenol [110]. The thiocyanate complex of Zn associated with Tetrazolium Violet has been applied for determining Zn in cadmium [1111. 

The response of the aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions of tetrazolium violet (2,5-diphenyl-3-(l-naphthyl)-2H-tetrazolium chloride, TV) was found usefiil for dosimetry purposes in the 0.25-60 kGy dose range. The polyvinylalcohol-based TV-containing dosimeter films showed also suitable response in the 1-60 kGy dose range making it usefiil for radiation process control both in gamma and electron beam radiation processing (Emy-Reynolds et al. 2007a, b). 

Quantitative determinations are possible if the different standard concentrations are used. For staining the bioautograms, spraying with 0.5-1.0% tetrazolium blue or 0.02% tetrazolium violet was employed. The detection limits were 0.05-0.2 pg. values of aminoglycoside antibiotics by this... 

Bioautographic detection can be done with Bacillus subtilis or Mycobacterium smegmatis the contrast between inhibition and growth was enhanced by spraying the inoculated medium with an aqueous solution of tetrazolium violet (2 mg/ml). The antibacterial activities of these components are rather different. 

A sensitive silica gel TLC method was described by Pauncz and Harsanyi for the identification of aminoglycoside antibiotics and can be used for detection of these compounds during the course of fermentation, isolation and purification, and for following chemical conversion. Two developing solvents were used methyl ethyl ketone-96% ethanol-25% ammonia (1 1 1) and chloroform-methanol-25% ammonia (1 7 4). Detection was by use of tetrazolium blue, tetrazolium violet, and bioautography with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Using this method, 0.05-0.2 iig of antibiotic could be detected. 

BovUl, R. A. Shallcross, J. A. Mackey, B. M. Comparison of the fluorescent redox dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride with p-iodonitro-tetrazolium violet to detect metabolic activity in heat-stressed Listeria monocytogenes cells. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1994, 77, 353-358. 

Hayashi, S. Kohayashi, T Honda, H. Simple and rapid cell growth assay using tetrazolium violet coloring method for screening of organic solvent tolerant bacteria. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2003, 96, 360-363. 

Shamsi, S. A., N. D. Danielson, CE of cationic surfactants with tetrazolium violet and anionic surfactants with adenosine monophosphate and indirect photometric detection, /. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 739,405-A12. 

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