Tetralin as solvent

This reaction can take place in mesitylene or tetralin at high temperature (373-423 K). Under the correct conditions (t-BuOCu/t-BuCN = l 5mol/mol C02/Cu = ca. 82 mol/mol tetralin as solvent 393 K, 3 h), the reaction produced up to 119% CO (based on copper) and an equivalent amount of isocyanate which, upon the addition of n-butyl alcohol, was converted in situ into (t-Bu)NHC02Bu carbamate. An interesting question pertaining to the mechanism of Equation 6.13 is whether the CO carbon atom derives from C02 or from t-BuNC. Unfortunately, the study did not provide any information on the mechanistic details of the process. 

Degradation in the presence of solvents has also been applied to the conversion of other styrenic polymers, such as poly(p-methylstyrene) and poly(styrene-allyl alcohol).64,65 Figure 4.11 shows the temperature dependence of the conversion of poly(p-methylstyrene) when using phenol, 1-methyl-naphthalene and tetralin as solvents. In this case, tetralin leads to the greatest degradation below 370 °C, whereas the order is reversed above that temperature. These results indicate that the effect of the solvent in the degradation of styrenic polymers is strongly influenced by the temperature. 

It is a typically aromatic compound and gives addition and substitution reactions more readily than benzene. Can be reduced to a series of compounds containing 2-10 additional hydrogen atoms (e.g. tetralin, decalin), which are liquids of value as solvents. Exhaustive chlorination gives rise to wax-like compounds. It gives rise to two series of monosubstitution products depending upon... 

A modification of the preceding preparation employs ethylenediamine as a convenient nonvolatile solvent and Tetralin as the commercially available starting material. The results of the reduction are essentially identical. 

After reaction, any solid residue was filtered off and the liquid product was separated by distillation into a bottoms product and a distillate that included unreacted Tetralin and low-boiling products from both the coal and the Tetralin. As tetralin breaks down under dissolution conditions to form mainly the tetralin isomer 1-methyl indan, naphthalene and alkyl benzenes (4) it was assumed that no compound with a higher boiling point than naphthalene was formed from the solvent, and the distillation to recover solvent was therefore continued until naphthalene stopped subliming. Some residual naphthalene remained in the bottoms product its mass, as determined from nmr and elemental analysis, was subtracted from the mass of bottoms product recovered and included in the amount of distillate recovered. It was assumed that all naphthalene present came from the Tetralin, not the coal. However, as the amount of tetralin reacted was 10 times the amount of coal this assumption appears reasonable. 

The table also shows the results of experiments with the donors and coal in phenanthrene as solvent. Consistent with the transfer of hydrogen in a radical process, those donors less reactive toward C130 than Tetralin are also less effective than Tetralin in conversion of coal to a phenanthrene-soluble product. However, in contrast to the chemistry of Step 2 we see that those donors that are more reactive toward C130 than Tetralin are also less effective in their action with coal. Thus this simple conversion scheme is suspect. 

The preliquefaction step did not appear to induce appreciable hydrogenation of the residue even with tetralin as a solvent or a hydrogen gas atmosphere. 

Reactive solvents dissolve coal by active interaction. Such solvents are usually hydrogen donors (e.g., tetralin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) and their chemical composition is affected appreciably during the process. Again, using tetralin as the example, the solvent is converted to the aromatic counterpart (in this case, naphthalene) and the products from the coal can vary in composition, depending on the reaction severity and the ratio of the solvent to the coal. In addition, the extracts differ markedly in properties from those obtained with degrading solvents. 

Tetralin Hydroperoxide. Stoichiometry of the Reaction. Initial kinetic experiments at 30°, 40°, and 50 °C. in toluene solution showed that at least 25 moles of Tetralin hydroperoxide could be decomposed by 1 mole of dilauryl thiodiproprionate. For experimental reasons the bulk of the kinetic data was obtained in the temperature region 70°-90°C. using chlorobenzene as solvent. 

N-Alkyl- and N,N-dialkyl-ethylenediamines are prepared in a single step (cf. methods 427, 435, and 452) by the addition of gaseous ethylenimine to primary or secondary amines in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride (77-89%). Primary amines react at about 90° with benzene as solvent, whereas secondary amines react at 180° with tetralin or biphenyl as solvent. In a similar manner, homologs of ethylenimine and ammonia (or amines) react in high-pressure equipment at 100° in the presence of ammonium chloride. "... 

As solvents or milling liquid in grade powder milling, several organic compounds are employed alcohols, acetone, hexane, heptane, gasoline, and tetraline. Hexane, heptane, and acetone are the most preferred today. 

The coals were studied at high pressure, 1500 psi of Hp, and in the presence of tetralin as a solvent (two ratios were studied—... 

Like benzene and toluene, tetralin (tetrahydronaphthalene) is not reduced directly on the electrode, for example on a mercury electrode in ethylenediamine it is however well hydrogenated when using solvated electrons in this solvent (Table 13) and also in hexamethylphosphotriamide 2 , In Ref. it has been shown Ijiat in solutions of polarographically inert benzene and tetralin as well as of directly reducible naphthalene the potentials of the cathode processes coincide. This is also a distinctive indication of reduction of organic substances with the aid of electrochemically generated solvated electrons. The process rate is practically independent of the nature of organic compound. 

The reduction of l,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (AAD) as an industrial route to estradione using supercritical tetralin as both the solvent and the hydrogen donor Was investigated at Schering AG in cooperation with the University of Gottingen [177,178]. The reaction kinetics were studied at between 350-600 °C and 50-300 bar. A pilot plant with a possible throughput of up to 30 L h was studied successfully over 1 year with continuous processes run up to 4 days at 575 °C and pressures up to 100 bar at contact times of less than 1 s. 

The reaction is completed within 5-15 min if tetralin at 210 °C is used as solvent. Also, dithio-y-lactones, including dithio-phthalides and dithio-Q -p)Tones, are formed smoothly whereas the hitherto unknown simple or 3-dithiolactones cannot be prepared, neither with LR nor by any other method. Interestingly, dithiopilocarpine is formed as a mixture of diastereomers on reaction of pilocarpine with LR (eq 16), i.e. both oxygen atoms of (12) are replaced by sulfur. In an interesting sequence of thion-ation and rearrangement reactions, three different thiono analogs of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride were prepared (eq 17). ... 

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