Tetra organic phosphonium

It is recommended to use OPA for controlling biofouling caused by sessile and planctonic micro-organisms in industrial water systems, e.g. for pulp and paper manufacture and for oil field water flooding. Normal addition rates move between 10 to 250 ppm. A synergistic slime control effect is achieved, if a combination of bis [tetra-kis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium] sulfate (3.6) and OPA is introduced into white water. 

The only data that permit such an analysis on organic salts are viscosity coefficients for tetrapropylammonium, phosphonium, and arsonium tetra-fluoroborates. The hardsphere theory would suggest that the arsonium salt has the greatest viscosity because of its large size and mass. At 1 atm the measured arsonium viscosity is lowest however, if the salts are compared at the same volume and temperature, the predicted order is observed as shown in Fig. 4. 

Ionic liquids can be produced with a variety of cations and anions. The most common organic cations containing nitrogen are imidazolium and pyridinium derivatives, but also phosphonium or tetra-alkyl-ammonium compoimds. Anions are based on nucleophihc inorganic anions snch as [BF4], [PFe]", and organic anions such as [CF3CO2]", [CFsSOs], etc. 

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