Testicular dysgenesis syndrome

The recently proposed testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesizes that four maladies—hypospadias, cryptorchidism, impaired spermatogenesis, and testicular cancer—are all manifestations of disturbed prenatal testicular development. I86 87 TDS is believed to be connected to genetic and environmental factors, though this has not yet been demonstrated. All four conditions noted have been independently related to endocrine disrupting chemicals, and hence the association in TDS, which the authors of the most recent article on the subject conclude may be clinically manifest by a reduced sperm concentration. I87l 

Human infertility can result from the action of xenobiotic chemicals on the female reproductive system, the male reproductive system, attack on the fetus, and the induction of effects in utero that are manifest during adulthood, giving rise to a programmed infertility. Spontaneous abortion can ensue when pregnant women are exposed to toxic chemicals such as those in disinfection byproducts produced by the chlorination of drinking water. 

Infertility in both women and men has increased dramatically during the latter half of the twentieth century, a time that saw a dramatic increase in the use of pesticides, plasticizers, and other endocrine disrupting synthetic chemicals. 

Many single chemicals have been identified as endocrine disruptors, but little is known about the endocrine disrupting effects of chemical mixtures. What little is known suggests that the effects of mixtures are greater 

Scorecard. Reproductive toxicants, www.scorecard.org/health-effects/ chemicals. cl shor hazard name=repro all p I 

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Asklund C, Jorgensen N, Kold Jensen T, Skakkebaek NE (2004) Biology and epidemiology of testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Br J Urol Int, 93(Suppl 3) 6-11. 

Fisher JS, Macpherson S, Marchetti N, Sharpe RM (2003) Human testicular dysgenesis syndrome A possible model using in-utero exposure of the rat to dibutyl phthalate. Hum Reprod, 18 1383-1394. 

Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Main KM (2001) Testicular dysgenesis syndrome An increasingly common development disorder with environmental aspects. Hum Reprod, 16 972-978. 

Skakkebaek NE, Holm M, Hoei-Hansen C, Jorgensen N, Rajpert-De Meyts E (2003) Association between testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) and testicular neoplasia Evidence from 20 adult patients with signs of maldevelopment of the testis. APMIS, 111 ... 

Skakkebaek NE. Endocrine disruptors and testicular dysgenesis syndrome. HormRes 2002 57 (Suppl 2) 43. 

Bay K, Asklund C, Skakkebaek NE, Andersson AM. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome Possible role of endocrine disruptors. Best Pract Res Clin EndocrinolMetab 2006 20(1) 77-90. 

N.E. Skakkebaek, Endocrine disrupters and testicular dysgenesis syndrome, Horm. Res. 57 (Suppl. 2) (2002) 43. 

K. Bay, C. Asklund, N.E. Skakkebaek, A.M. Andersson, Testicular dysgenesis syndrome possible role of endocrine disrupters. Best PracL Res. CUn. Endocrinol. Metab. 20 (1) (2006) 77-90. 

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