Test planning dispersion

Fig. 103 shows all scenario profits in the one-phase and the two-phase optimization case as well as the sales quantity index the two-phase optimization results do not disperse as strong as the one-phase-optimization. Besides, the worst case scenario is comparably better than the worst case scenario of the one-phase-optimization strategy. The plan is more cautious supply quantities are reduced leading to lower expected profits but better minimum profits in the worst case scenario. Although robustness is not measured it get s visible in the numerical tests for the 2-phase optimization approach. 

Water sprays from monitor nozzles and hose lines can be used for vapor mitigation. Tests have been conducted in which monitor nozzles and hose lines have been used to create a chimney effect through which the gas is forced upward and dispersed at a high elevation (Beresford, 1981). Application techniques and flow rates are facility-, installation-, and material-specific. Careful planning, analyses, and testing should be conducted prior to deciding on the use of a mobile water spray as a proven means of mitigation. Preventive maintenance of this equipment is key to reliable operation. Hose lines, typically, are hydrostatically tested annually. Flow tests should also be conducted periodically. 

At the planning of appraisal of the sensor s error experiments, the test officer usually knows the list of the influencing factors and their boundary conditions. From the theory of experiment point of view, the optimal test setup would be the multifactor experiment at which both all influencing factors and measuring gas concentrations would be varied within all ranges with following appraisal of the dispersion of the output signal. However, it is impossible to implement the optimal test setup in practice. 

A quasi steady-state solution for the tracer distribution in a soilpolutnn has been developed for the inlet boundary concentration being a constant plus a Sinusoidal component. Then an unsteady state solution for tracer distribution a soil column was developed for the same inlet boundary condition as above. The unsteady-state tracer concentration distribution applies to the section of a soil column that still remembers the initial condition. The two solutions may be applicable to those planning experiments to measure parameters such as the dispersion coefficient from tracer tests. A sinusoidal loading of tracer at the inlet boundary may enable one to obtain repeated data traces at the column outlet as part of an extended experiment. Continued collection of tracer concentration vs. time data at the column outlet over a number of periods would enable one to collect data from repeated experiments, for each period of the sine wave would represent another experiment. This should enable one to obtain more replicates of data to improve statistical estimates of the dispersion coefficient than could be obtained by experimental methods that use a slug loading or a step change of concentration at the column inleL"... 

ASTM Test Method D1218, Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids, is designed to use the Bausch Lomb Precision Refractometer. This model is no longer manufactured. ASTM Test Method D1747, Refractive Index of Viscous Materials, uses the Abbe t3T>e (Valentine) refractometer, which is no longer made. In both cases, other refractometers are available, but no cooperative work has been conducted to verify equivalence. There are also limitations on the availability of thermometers with suitable range and accuracy that will fit the instruments. ASTM Subcommittee D02.04.0D plans cooperative testing of modem commercial refractometers to develop precision data, but data are not yet available. 

It is essential that actual water test analysis data for dissolved and dispersed oil concentrations are needed in the planning stage prior to designing a water treating facility for a specific application. If the design engineer assumes a value for the dissolved oil content without first having obtained actual water test analysis for the specific... 

Example 15.3-1 Alternative plots of breakthrough curves Y ou are planning a series of test experiments using a new adsorbent. You hope to use this adsorbent at a commercial scale, and so plan to let many process variables vary widely. In particular, you plan to determine breakthrough curves at the manufacturer s recommended velocity and at twice this velocity. (a) If the breakthrough curves at different velocities are ideal, without dispersion, what will they look like when plotted vs. time (b) What will they look like plotted vs. number of bed volumes (c) How will they change if the breakthrough curves do show dispersion ... 

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