Test Method Protocols

Air drying removes most of the surface moisture of coal, while a temperature of approximately 107°C (225°F) is needed to remove inherent moisture. At temperatures of approximately 200 to 300°C (392 to 572°F), moisture from the decomposition of organic materials is driven off, but water of hydration requires a considerable amount of energy for expulsion. For example, the water of hydration in clay minerals may require a temperature in excess of 500°C (932°F). However, the issues of decomposition moisture and water of hydration of mineral matter are not usually dealt with in conventional analysis because the temperatures specified in the test methods for moisture determination are well below those needed to remove such moisture. 

Usually, the first moisture value to be obtained on a coal sample is the air-dry loss moisture. This moisture loss occurs during an attempt to bring the coal sample into equilibrium with the atmosphere in the sample preparation room. The practice of using temperatures above room temperature may accelerate oxidation but shortens the time needed for air drying hence, temperatures above 40 to 50°C (104 to 122°F) are not recommended for air drying. 

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The challenge of harmonizing multiple existing and nonuniform emissions test methods/protocols is perhaps the most difficult of all to address because of the vested interests that are invariably involved. However, if things are left unchecked,... 

Harmonization, simplification and validation of relevant standard test methods/ protocols are all essential steps if emissions testing is to become as widespread as regulators and consumers desire, without burdening industry with unjustified extra cost. Failure to achieve this could reduce confidence in materials emissions testing generally and thus undermine the overall objective. It could also jeopardize... 

Two new standards for testing Are hazards published by lEC/ISO, will be valuable tools to ensure international standardization of test methods, protocols and procedures, reports the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC). 

D. Analytical Testing Methods PROTOCOL EXECUTION ANALYSIS OF RESULTS/STATISTICAL PACKAGES DOCUMENTATION OF RESULTS ANALYST CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING TRANSFEROR TECHNICAL OWNERSHIP... 

The standard provides reasonable and adequate guidance on the test methods, protocols, and specifications for devices used to provide eye protection from lasers and laser systems. 

Many specialized tests have been developed to measure the application, appearance and resistance properties of interior decorative coatings. The reader is referred to the specific ASTM and ISO test methods given in Tab. 6-3, and the cited references [13-14] for a more detailed description of test method protocols. Our objective in this section, and in the subsequent application and performance test sections, will be to identify the key performance features and to give the reader an overview of how these tests are conducted. 

The test method (protocol, extraction temperature, extraction duration)... 

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