Ternary phase diagrams formation

The methane+ethane+propane+water system is the simplest approximation of a natural gas mixture. As shown in Figure 5.20, the phase equilibria of such a simple mixture is quite complicated at pressures above incipient hydrate formation conditions. One of the most interesting phenomenon is the coexistence of si and sll hydrates which occurs in the interior of some pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. 

CeAi-Sb. No ternary phase diagram exists for the Ce-Li-Sb system however the formation of one ternary compound has been reported by Fischer and Schuster (1982) ... 

Nd-Li-Sb. No ternary phase diagram exists for the Nd-Li-Sb system, however the formation of one ternary compound has been reported by Fischer and Schuster (1982) NdLi2Sb2 with the CaBe2Ge2 type structure, a = 0.4280, c = 1.0910 (X-ray single crystal data). The alloy was prepared by heating the elements in a Ta crucible at 870-1170 K for 24 48 h. 

Fig. 11.6. Ternary phase diagram for a system with compound formation.

FIGURE 2 Ternary phase diagram used to elucidate ME formation regions. Each of the three corners represents 100% of the individual components. Apex S = 100% w/w surfactant (0% oil and water), apex W = 100% w/w water (0% oil and surfactant), and apex O = 100% w/ w oil (0% water and surfactant). The three lines joining the corner points represent two-component systems. The area within the triangle represents all possible combinations of the three components. 

Aboofazeli, R., Lawrence, C. B., Wicks, S. R., and Lawrence, M. J. (1994), Investigations into the formation and characterization of phospholipid microemulsions. Part 3. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of systems containing water-lecithin-isopropyl myristate and either an alkanoic acid, amine, alkanediol, polyethylene glycol alkyl ether or alcohol as cosurfactant, Int. J. Pharm., Ill, 63-72. 

Figure 13.16 Ternary phase diagrams indicating glass formation regions involving Ge, Sb, S, Se and Te (After Vogel, 1985).

FIGURE 20.1-7 Ternary-phase diagram between polymer, solvent, and nonsolvam. The three regions (a), (It), and (c) refer to the two-phase regimes for which precipitation of polymer occurs with the potential for membrane formation. If the local concentration conditions at a point in a precipitating membrane correspond to one of these domains, the resultant local morphology in the membrane at the point will resemble sketches (n), (fr), or (c) in Fig. 20.1-6, respectively. 

Figure 3.7 Ternary phase diagram for formation of UF membranes from cellulose acetate.

Figure 3.8 Effect of additives on formation of UF membranes portrayed on ternary phase diagram.

Barzin, J. and B. Sadatnia. Correlation between macrovoid formation and the ternary phase diagram for polyethersulfone membranes prepared from two nearly similar solvents. Journal of Membrane Science 325(1) (2008) 92-97. 

Fatty acids have a lower solubility in typical ionic detergent solutions than in bile acid solutions, for a given micellar concentration. To paraphrase, the micellar zone in the ternary phase diagram of this system (ionic detergent-fatty acid-water) is smaller than that in the system bile acid-fatty acid-water. Small has constructed the sodium oleate-oleic acid-water phase diagram (32) the micellar zone is extremely small because of the formation of liquid crystalline phases of oleic-sodium oleate at very low oleic acid/ sodium oleate ratios. In unpublished experiments carried out several years ago, we compared the solubility of lauric acid in 40 mM solutions of sodium taurodeoxycholate and sodium glycodeoxycholate with that in sodium octyl benzene sulfonate. Lauric acid at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mM was completely soluble in these bile acid solutions at pH 6.3. By contrast, a 5 mM concentration of lauric acid in sodium octyl benzene sulfonate solution was completely turbid. 

Figure 2. Ternary phase diagram illustrating compositional trajectories during asymmetric membrane formation. The solid line represents the binodal and the dashed line the spinodal. The initial casting solution composition is represented by I. The transient changes in concentration at the top surface are indicated by the top arrow emanating from I and ending in II. The changes at the bottom surface are indicated by the bottom arrow emanating from I and ending in III.

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