Ternary mixtures diagram

Figure A2.5.30. Left-hand side Eight hypothetical phase diagrams (A through H) for ternary mixtures of d-and /-enantiomers with an optically inactive third component. Note the syimnetry about a line corresponding to a racemic mixture. Right-hand side Four T, x diagrams ((a) tlirough (d)) for pseudobinary mixtures of a racemic mixture of enantiomers with an optically inactive third component. Reproduced from [37] 1984 Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena ed C Domb and J Lebowitz, vol 9, eh 2, Knobler C M and Scott R L Multicritical points in fluid mixtures. Experimental studies pp 213-14, (Copyright 1984) by pennission of the publisher Academic Press.

The simplest form of ternary RCM, as exemplified for the ideal normal-paraffin system of pentane-hexane-heptane, is illustrated in Fig. 13-58 7, using a right-triangle diagram. Maps for all other non-azeotropic ternary mixtures are qiiahtatively similar. Each of the infinite number of possible residue curves originates at the pentane vertex, travels toward and then away from the hexane vertex, and terminates at the heptane vertex. 

FIG 13-59 (Continued) Distillation region diagrams for ternary mixtures. 

Schematic phase diagrams for binary mixtures of water with a strong amphiphile, and for ternary mixtures containing oil, water, and amphiphile, are shown in Fig. 3 (adapted from Refs. 7,8). Among the many interesting...

Three-component mixtures selected from Na, K, Rb and Cs have been investigated to determine the minimum melting point in each ternary mixture, characterizing low-melting portions of the Na-K-Cs phase diagram and measuring the physical... 

Figure 40.1 reports the flammabihty diagrams for the ternary mixtures ammonia/oxygen/inert and n-hexane/oxygen/inert. The boundary conditions for the catalytic tests were the following ... 

Fig. 3 Ternary diagram of solubility of a compound in a ternary mixture with linear solubility response. (Inset) Concentration of drug in compositions with constant concentration of B. The composition of the solute is the constant concentration of B, the concentration of A in the abscissa, and the complement concentration of the third component. The drug solubility response is linear in the A concentration in this case.

A ternary mixture of mole fraction ethanol of 0.15, ethyl acetate of 0.6 and methanol 0.25 is to be separated into relatively pure products. Sketch a system of distillation columns and mixer arrangements in the triangular diagram to carry out the separation by exploiting the shift in the distillation boundary with pressure. Sketch the flowsheet corresponding with this mass balance. 

Petlyuk FB, Kievskii VY and Serafimov LA (1975) Thermodynamic and Topological Analysis of the Phase Diagrams of Polyazeotropic Mixtures II. Algorithm for Construction of Structural Graphs for Azeotropic Ternary Mixtures, Russ J Phys Chem, 49 1836. 

A plant explosion involved a mixture of nitrobenzene, nitric acid and a substantial quantity of water. Detonation occurred with a speed and power comparable to TNT. This was unexpected in view of the presence of water in the mixture [1]. The later reference deals with a detailed practical and theoretical study of this system and determination of the detonability limits and shock-sensitivity. The limits of detonability coincided with the limits of miscibility over a wide portion of the ternary composition diagram. In absence of water, very high sensitivity (similar to that of glyceryl nitrate) occurred between 50 and 80% nitric acid, the stoicheiometric proportion being 73% [2],... 

Figure 24 shows the ternary phase diagram (solubility isotherm) of an unsolvated conglomerate that consists of physical mixtures of the two enantiomers that are capable of forming a racemic eutectic mixture. It corresponds to an isothermal (horizontal) cross section of the three-dimensional diagram shown in Fig. 21. Examples include A-acetyl-leucine in acetone, adrenaline in water, and methadone in water (each at 25°C) [141].

Similar considerations could be extended from the right-hand axis to the entire diagram, the internal points of which will represent ternary mixtures formed, in the example shown in Fig. 4.42, by Mo with various combinations of two of the other metals. 

Figure 3.3-7 Ethanol/water/[BMIM][PF5] ternary phase diagram (a, left) and solute distribution in EtOH/water/IL mixtures (b, right) for [BMIMJiPEe] (O), [HMIMJiPFe] ( ), and [OMIMJiPFe] (V) as a function of initial mole fraction of ethanol in the aqueous phase, measured at 25 °C. From references [47, 48].

Diphasic liquid systems used in CCC may have a wide variety of polarities. The most polar systems are the ATPS made by two aqueous-liquid phases, one containing a polymer, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), the other one being a salt solution, for example, sodium hydrogen phosphate. The less polar systems do not contain water there can be two-solvent systems, such as heptane/acetonitrile or dimethylsulfoxide/hexane systems or mixtures of three or more solvents. Intermediate polarity systems are countless since any proportion of three or more solvents can be mixed. Ternary phase diagrams are used when three solvents are mixed together. 

IL viscosity is extremely sensitive to additives [5]. Mixtures of IL and compatible solvents and water may produce biphasic liquid systems usable in CCC. The short-chain alcohol-[C4CiIm][PFg]-water and acetonitrile-[C4CiIm][PFJ-water ternary phase diagrams have been studied [7]. Alcohols were found to have a tendency to dissolve preferentially in the aqueous upper phase producing an IL lower phase of limited volume and high viscosity [7]. Acetonitrile partitions well between the upper aqueous phase and the lower IL phase, greatly reducing the viscosity of the IL-rich lower phase. 

Fig. 84. Diagram of explosive properties of ternary mixtures H202-H20-C2Hs0H, according to Shan ley and Greenspan [31] x—detonation, o —no detonation.

Fig, 2-26. Ternary phase diagram of mixtures of methanejjpropane, and n-pentane at 500 psia and 160°F with equilibrium tie-line, 123. (Data from Dourson et al., Trans. AIME, 151, 206.)... 

Consider a pressure above the vapor pressure of n-pentane and below vapor pressure of propane, for instance, 200 psia. See dot 2 on Figure 2-29 and Figure 2-28(2). All mixtures of methane and propane are gas. Both the methane-n-pentane binary and the propane-n-pentane binary are in their two-phase regions. Their bubble-point and dew-point compositions appear along the sides of the ternary diagram as the ends of the bubble-point and dew-point lines of the ternary mixtures. 

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