Ternary conducting polymer-based

Nanocomposites of conducting polymers exhibit improved physicochemical and biological properties as compared to their individual counterparts. The integration of secondary component within conducting polymer leads to dramatic increase in different properties that are useful from an application point of view. Size, shape and controlled distribution of the dispersed phase are the critical factors to control the desired properties of a nanocomposite. Different approaches such as in situ synthesis, one-pot synthesis, electrochemical polymerization and vapor-phase polymerization have been employed to synthesize the nanocomposites of conducting polymers with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, ternary nanocomposites, etc. All of these methods have certain advantages and drawbacks. Functional nanocomposites synthesized by these methods display many... 

PAN-based lithium-salt electrolytes are obtained by plasticizing the electrolytes with propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethylformamide, dimetltylsulfoxide, etc. These compotrrrds are considered solvents in other applications bnt in these electrolytes they are used to lower the glass transition temperature, dissolve salt, and make the polymer amorphous. Some of these functions are typical of plasticizers. An improved version of the electrolyte is based on ternary mixtrues of plasticizers consisting ethylene, propylene andbntylene carbonates. This mixture improves low temperature conductivity. 

A 128 X 64 X 16 finite element model in three dimensions was established to investigate the composition profile the physical dimensions of the slab before nondimensionaUzation are listed in Table 15.4. The numerical simulation was conducted based on the experimental conditions. Some of the parameters were directly imported from the experimental condition, while some - such as the gradient energy coefficient and mobility - were difficult to measure. Those parameter values which were not directly obtainable were first estimated via the theories described in Section 15.4.2, and then benchmarked in the numerical simulation with the experimental results. For phase separation in a polymer-polymer-solvent ternary system, the solubility of the polymers in the solvent is much greater than that of the polymers in each other [94]. Consequently, the interaction parameters between the solvent and two polymers were set as 0, and the interaction parameter between two polymers can be estimated with the following equation [33] ... 

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