Termination, ionic

H. F. Yang, C. S. Shan, F.H. Li, D.X. Han, Q. X. Zhang, L. Niu, Covalent functionalization of polydisperse chemically-converted graphene sheets with amine-terminated ionic liquid, Chemical Communications, vol. 26, pp. 3880-3882, 2009. 

Gao, R.F. and Zheng, J.B. (2009) Amine-terminated ionic liquid functionalized carbon nanombe-gold nanoparticles for investigating the direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase. Electrochemistry Communications, 11 (3), 608-611. 

Rate constants for ionic propagation reactions vary but some are higher than those in free-radical systems. This is particularly true in media where the ionic active center is free of its counterion. The high reactivity of ionic active centers, which yields fast propagation rates, also results in a greater propensity toward side reactions and interference from trace impurities. Low temperatures favor propagation over competing reactions which cause chain termination. Ionic polymerizations are thus performed often at much colder temperatures than those used in free-radical processes, which would be impossibly slow under the same conditions. 

Another remarkable fact about ionic polymerization in general, in contrast to other polymerization techniques, is that in the absence of adventitious terminators, ionic polymerization will go on after irradiation has ceased, and will often continue until most of the monomer has been exhausted. Although such post-irradiative polymerization may be an advantage in UV curing, it is undesirable in imaging applications where it limits resolution and degrades feature sharpness. ... 

Li, F. H., Li, F, Song, j. X., Song, J. F, Han, D. X., and Niu, L. (2009]. Green synthesis of highly stable platinum nanoparticles stabilized by amino-terminated ionic liquid and its electrocatalysts for dioxygen reduction and methanol oxidation. Electrochem. Common., 11, pp. 351-354. 

Plate I Hydrated morphologies of the SSC PFSA ionomer with an EW = 753 and MW = 18072 g/mol at water contents of (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 11 and (d) 16 HjO/SOj- Fluorocarbon beads shown in red, terminal ionic side group beads in green, and water beads in blue. (Source Wu etal. 2009.)... 

Nold, M.j. Wesdemiotis, C. Yalon, T. Harrison, A. G. Amide bond dissociation in protonated peptides. Structures of the N-terminal ionic and neutral fragments. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 1997,164, 137-153. 

Liu X, Bu C, Nan Z, Zheng L, Qiu Y, Lu X (2013) Enzymes immobilized on amine-terminated ionic liquid-functionahzed carbon nanotube for hydrogen peroxide determination. Talanta 105 63-68... 

Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Kuehner, D., Ivaska, A. Niu, L. (2008). Green synthesis of 1-2 nm gold nanoparticles stabilized by amine-terminated ionic liquid and their electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction. Green Chem. 10 907-909. 

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