Terata

Results from developmental toxicity studies indicate that HFC-134a does not cause terata in rats or rabbits (Collins et al. 1995 Alexander et al. 1996). 

Oral doses of 0.3 g/kg acetamide administered on days 6 through 18 of gestation produced no toxicity or terata in rabbits. No maternal toxicity was seen at 1 g/kg, although one rabbit aborted fetal numbers and body weights were lowered, with no terata. At 3 g/kg, maternal toxicity was encountered, fetal numbers and weights were reduced, the number of dead implants was elevated, and cleft palate was seen. No reproductive, embry-otoxic, or teratogenic effects were observed in... 

Adverse reproductive effects have been observed in animals fed PCB in the diet. Fetal resorptions were common, and dose-related incidences of terata were found in pups and piglets when females were fed Arochlor 1254 at Img/kg/day or more. Long-term low-level maternal exposure of rats before breeding and throughout gestation and lactation caused permanent hearing deficits, decreased serum thyroid hormones, and reproductive effects. PCBs have been observed in human cord blood and in tissues of newborn humans and animals. ... 

Injected into chick embryos TSPP produced terata. ... 

AC50, AGIO terata score in an integrated morphogenetic system... 

Finally, chemicals were evaluated for adverse effects in a zebrafish embryo development test (ZFE platform) (35). The ZFE platform evaluated embryos at 6 days post-fertilization (d.p.f) and assigned a terata score to each fish based on the incidence of observed malformations. Terata scores were provisionally categorized by... 

Terata type of malformations observed with the number of larvae recorded in parentheses, those in italics were considered to be compound specific A abdominal, C cardiac, O optic, F facial... 

Franceschini studied the effect of dioxane on the growth of chick embryo tibial buds. He found hypertrophic and vacuolized chondroblasts in diaphysis and a reappearance of mitosis in metaphysis of the tibia. Another study by Schwetz et al. showed a few terata in rats and mice when about 3-5% of dioxane was added to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The results are ambiguous in the latter case and of questionable relevance to humans in the former (chick) study (ref. 73, p. 117)- Dioxane is one of the industrial chemicals for which teratogenicity data have been evaluated (ref. 80, pp. 283-286 ref. 

Liu, Y., K. Terata, NJ. Rusch, and D.D. Gutterman. 2001. High glucose impairs voltage-gated K(+) channel current in rat small coronary arteries. Circ. Res. 89 146-152. 

AkiyosW, H., Gonda, T., Terata, T. A comparative histochemical and immunohistochemical study of aminergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic innervation in rat, hamster guinea pig, dog and human livers. Liver... 

Sorauf, J.B., 1972. Skeletal Microstructure and microarchitecture in Scleractinia (Coelen-terata). Palaeontol., 5 88—107. 

Other infections clearly associated with increased risk of terata include toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex. Microphthalma, blindness, hydrocephalus, and cerebral calcification can occur after infection with these organisms. 

To focus attention on gross terata is to miss important manifestations of developmental toxicity. 

Terata can occur in the offspring of apparently healthy mothers. 

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