Tensile property symbols

I. 4.15 Tensile properties of all nugget material loaded in the longitudinal orientation (in the welding direction). Open symbols represent specimens taken from the root-half of the weld (excluding the crown region). Closed symbols are full-thickness specimens. Fz, z-axis force... 

Finally, we arrive at a class of compounds in which the lattice as such is welded together in all three directions by atomic forces, while ionic linkage is present in the individual lattice cells. Examples of such substances which, following Grimm, will be denoted by the symbol 3a (3i) are CaTiOs, KMgFs and most of the feldspars. Reis has applied the term honeycomb lattice to such lattices, which also exhibit very interesting tensile properties. 

At this point let us summarize the more commonly used symbols used to describe tensile properties, as follows ... 

Tensile properties of cold rolled (50% reduction) Transage 129 alloy 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) sheet as solution annealed at various temperatures, fan air cooled, and aged at480 °C (900 °F), 1 h, AC. Rnal reduction of 50% unidirectional at room temperature. Open symbols, longitudinal closed symbols, transverse. 

This concludes our discussion on the tensile properties of metals. By way of summary. Table 6.7 lists these properties, their symbols, and their characteristics (qualitatively). 

Table 3 lists the average tensile properties of the 13 specimens, including standard deviation (STD) and coefficient of variation (COV) with symbols of E = modulus of elasticity, Oyo.2% and e o.2% = yi W stress and yield strain at 0.2% offset, a = tensile strength, and e = elongation at break. 

The random nature of most physieal properties, sueh as dimensions, strength and loads, is well known to statistieians. Engineers too are familiar with the typieal appearanee of sets of tensile strength data in whieh most of the individuals eongregate around mid-range and fewer further out to either side. Statistieians use the mean to identify the loeation of a set of data on the seale of measurement and the variance (or standard deviation) to measure the dispersion about the mean. In a variable x , the symbols used to represent the mean are /i and i for a population and sample respeetively. The symbol for varianee is V. The symbols for standard deviation are cr and. V respeetively, although a is often used for both. In this book we will always use the notation /i for mean and cr for the standard deviation. 

Figure 15 (A) Tensile strength versus draw ratio of nylon 46-Vectra B (75 25 wt ratio) and (B) tensile modulus of the blends when 2.7 wt% of SA-g-EPDM was added. Lines are guides for eyes. Closed symbols are mechanical properties of the binary nylon 46-Vectra B blend (75 25 wt ratio) Source Ref. 57.

Upper and lower bounds on the elastic constants of transversely isotropic unidirectional composites involve only the elastic constants of the two phases and the fiber volume fraction, Vf. The following symbols and conventions are used in expressions for mechanical properties Superscript plus and minus signs denote upper and lower bounds, and subscripts / and m indicate fiber and matrix properties, as previously. Upper and lower bounds on the composite axial tensile modulus, Ea, are given by the following expressions ... 

Fig.1. Effect of matrix properties on the tensile yield stress of particulate filled composites. Symbols (O) PVC, (A) LDPE filler CaC03,r=1.8 pm... 

Table 4.4 summarizes the physical properties of common metals used for diaphragms. Young s modulus is a measure of the stiffness of elastic materials and is defined as the ratio of stress (uniaxial) versus the strain (uniaxial), i.e. the ratio of the change in length of an elastic material as a function of a tensile or compressive load. The Poisson s ratio is a measure of a material s tendency to contract under a tensile load, i.e. the contraction in the direction normal to the direction in which the material is stretched. The symbol for the shear modulus of elasticity is G. 

The tabulated values of properties of sand cast, machine weld-cast, machine-welded and parent plate 5356 aluminum at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures are shown in Table I. Explanations of the terminology machine-welded," "machine weld-cast," etc., and of the symbolisms under "direction" listed in both Tables I and II and referred to elsewhere in the test are best made clear by examining Fig 3, which shows a typical plate and the location of various type specimens in it It should be noted that all of the plate used in the tensile tests, both on 5356 and 5083. was annealed plate. 

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