Tensile loading elements

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE TENSILE LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF THE CO-CURED LAP JOINTS... 

Kermanidis TH, Labeas G, Tserpes KI, PantelaMs S. Finite element modeUing of damage accumulation in bolted composite joints under incremental tensile loading. Barcelona ECCOMAS 2000 2000. 

Consider a pile subjected to a sustained axial tensile load with a uniform cyclic axial load superimposed as shown in Figure 10.19. In a real storm the cyclic load magnitude and frequency will vary. After pile installation, but before pile loading, a soil element close to the pile shaft as shown in Figure 10.19 is subjected to effective stresses that change during reconsolidation after installation of the pile. 

The relations of mathematical and engineering components can be derived from an orthotropic material element subjected to uniaxial tensile loading in the longitudinal direction (ci) ... 

Tensile loads normal to the plane of a joint can be highly destructive and should be avoided if possible. Indeed, a joint ought to be designed to carry a compressive element within its load pattern (see Figure 2.3, Section 2.3.3 and, in particular. Section 2.3.3.7). 

The axial-loaded butt joint is the simplest geometry for stress distributions arising from the application of tensile loads. Several investigators have addressed the stress analysis of this geometry using both analytical and finite element methods. ... 

Types of deformation (tensile, torsional, bending, etc.) and the dimensions, geometry and materials of the loading elements should be stated. 

Figure 15.1 (Brown et al., 2002) shows the behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete under loading. The plain concrete (with no fibre reinforcement) cracks into two pieces when the stmcture is subjected to the peak tensile load and cannot withstand further load or deformation. An analogous fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) structure cracks at the same peak tensile load however, it usually maintains large deformations as a single element. The area under the curve represents the energy that the FRC absorbed when subjected to tensile load, usually described as the post-cracking response of FRC. The best performance of fibre addition takes place when fibres not only bridge the cracks but also undergo pullout processes. In those cases, the deformation continues only with employment of further loading energy (Brown et al., 2002 ACI, 2002).

Reinforcement compacted soils and aggregates have good compressive modulus but poor tensile modulus and consequently can be readily separated when subjected to sizeable tensile loads. Employing fibres of appropriate tensile moduli, geotextiles become effective reinforcing tension elements when embedded in compacted soils and aggregates. 

The relationships involved can be developed wath reference to Fig. 9.15, which shows the stre >hdition in an elranent under uniaxial tensile load. Consider any plane, m-n, at an angle, d, to the axis of the element. The cross-sectional area at right angles to the axi.s of the element is taken as a. The area of the element lying i/i the plane m-n is ... 

Two test cases are used to validate the linear viscoelastic analysis capability implemented in the present finite-element program named NOVA. In the first case, the tensile creep strain in a single eight-noded quadrilateral element was computed for both the plane-stress and plane-strain cases using the program NOVA. The results were then compared to the analytical solution for the plane-strain case presented in Reference 49. A uniform uniaxial tensile load of 13.79 MPa was applied on the test specimen. A three-parameter solid model was used to represent the tensile compliance of the adhesive. The Poisson s ratio was assumed to remain constant with time. The following time-dependent functions were used in Reference 49 to represent the tensile compliance for FM-73M at 72 °C ... 

Lavagnino, M., S. P. Arnoczky, E. Kepich, O. Caballero, and R. C. Haut. 2008. A finite element model predicts the mechanotransduction response of tendon cells to cychc tensile loading. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 7 405-16. 

Since the load is applied by a rope, the load must be a tensile load. Flexible members (rope, cable, chain, etc.) have no load capacity in compression. Normally, the weight of the elements of a truss are ignored and the individual struts are considered to be loaded, in either tension or compression, and external loads are considered to be applied only at pins. 

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