Ten Year Rule

Ahman, M., Burtraw, D., Kruger, J.A., Zetterberg, L., 2005. The Ten-year Rule Allocation of Emission Allowances in the EU Emissions Trading System. RFF Discussion Paper 05-30. 

A few half-hearted gestures of consternation were made in June, 1934, the Standing Committee of the Disarmament Conference at Geneva was adjourned indefinitely and in Britain the ten year rule on military expenditure was suspended. 

The government took seriously the threat of gas bombardment of British cities. The ending in 1933 of the Ten Year Rule (the assumption for military planning purposes that there would be no major war in the next ten years) allowed preparations to be made for the protection of the civil population and the rescue services against gas. Early in 1934 a government committee recommended the adoption of masks for the rescue services and that the possibility of a cheap universal respirator which could be quickly mass-produced at a cost of about 2s (lOp) apiece should be investigated. In April 1936 Parliament was informed that a simple but effective form of respir-... 

The excesses of nitrogen application over crop uptake in the individual years from 1977 to 1986 were read from Figure 4 of Sylvester-Bradley et and subjected to the rules. Neither the leaching nor the denitrification losses seemed particularly large (Table 4), given that these were aggregate values for ten years, and the amount of nitrogen that was remineralized and then leached seemed very unlikely to be important. 

The environmental impact of SOj emissions has gained much attention over the past ten years. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) went into effect in 1989. The ruling covers new, modified, and reconstructed FCC units since January 1994. It should be noted that the Southern California Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) board has established a limit of 60 kilograms of SO per 1,000 barrels of feed for the existing FCC units. 

Hoflmann in 1965. Ten years later, Fukni and Inagaki proposed an orbital phase theory for cyclic molecules and transition states, which includes the Woodward-Hofftnann rule and the Hueckel rule for aromaticity (Scheme 4). In 1982 Inagaki... 

Applications of the Exciton Chirality Rule have become numerous during the past ten years and claim an extraordinarily high degree of success. In most applications of exciton chirality to the determination of absolute configuration, the molecule under study is deriva-tized with a suitable chromophore, e.g.,p-dimethylaminobenzoate, and its circular dichroism spectra are measured and analyzed. The success of this method has led to a search for new and better chromophores, especially those which absorb intensely in the visible spectrum. [39,40] These derivatives can be detected visually, for convenience in laboratory manipulations, and their molecular weights tend to be substantially higher than the underiv-... 

Preparing the sample is a key step in all biological analyses, and hair analysis is no exception to this rule. Over the last ten years, there has been an ever increasing interest in the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an alternative to traditional methods of preparing samples. The driving force behind this development is, without doubt, the need for a simple, rapid, automated, and selective method which should also be environmentally friendly. In this context, the use of supercritical fluids fulfills these conditions, due to their unique physicochemical properties. The following is a list of advantages ... 

Three slices of single-crystal nickel, 10 mm. in diameter and 2 mm. in thickness, respectively, parallel to the (110), (100), and (111) planes were prepared by S. Kaya and denoted, respectively, a, b, and c. They were studied by Matsuda (unpublished) about ten years ago with particular reference to the rates of recombination of hydrogen atoms and to the activation energies for the chemisorption of hydrogen. The latter had been theoretically estimated by Horiuti et ah, as mentioned elsewhere, as functions of the different arrangement of the nickel atoms on the three main crystal planes mentioned above. The relative rates of recombination on the electropolished surfaces of these specimens observed by Matsuda at room temperature followed the qualitative rule ... 

Approximately ten years ago, Guinaudeau et al. proposed four rules that appeared to govern the formation of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Thalictrum species [1,121]. In order... 

In a period of approximately ten years following the proposal of these rules, 19 new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from Thalictrum genera. The following is summary of the "concurrence" of these alkaloids to the proposed rules of Guinaudeau et al. as described above ... 

An empirical equation of this form had been suggested as early as 1903 by Henri [29]. Ten years later, Michaelis and Menten provided its theoretical basis [27], According to eqn 8.18, the initial rate is first order in total catalyst material and of order between zero and one in the reactant, A. Note that Rule 7.13 for simple thermal pathways, which states that a reaction is first order in a reactant that participates in the first step, is not obeyed (it will be modified in Section 8.6). Limiting cases of eqn 8.18 are... 

---