Temporary applications

Electroporation (a temporary application of direct current, which disturbs the skin surface and allows penetration of the drug molecules)... 

There must be a procedure for granting controlled temporary application access for personnel. As in the regular access, temporary access must follow security best practices (Part 11.10(d)). 

Needleless injections are new devices to bypass this problem. Drugs in powder or liquid form can be injected into the subcutaneous layer in the following ways Propelled by a jet stream of compressed air Fired as pallets similar to that of bullets from rifles Electroporation (a temporary application of direct current, which disturbs the skin surface and allows penetration of the drug molecules). 

The same research group also introduced a microfabricated digital wall attachment amplifier [11] for bistable control of flow. An SEM image of a microscale digital wall attachment amplifier formed on PMMA is illustrated in Fig. 6a. The pressure in one of the output ports (opposite to the control port used) is shown in Fig. 6b for various values of the control port pressure. The output pressures were measured at output 2, while the input control pressure was varied at inlet 1. In the experiment, a jet of 330 hPa pressure was supplied through the main nozzle, while the pressures at the control ports were varied from 0 to 12 hPa. The experimental results showed that if the jet was attached to the wall next to a control port, then temporary application of pressure (12 hPa) to that control port guided the jet to the opposite wall. The jet continued to flow along that wall after the removal of the control jet. A minimum supply pressure was needed for the action of this amplifier. The experimental results also showed that the supply pressure had no effect on the pressure recovery (ratio of maximum output to input pressure) and flow recovery (ratio of maximum output to input flow) in this amplifier. 

Another important consideration is the mode of failure experienced during the 180 peel test. Pressure-sensitive adhesives with internal strength relatively low in comparison to their adhesion to a test substrate will fail cohesively while the same type of adhesive with improved internal strength will often fail adhesively. This adhesive failure can be important for temporary applications but is of less importance for high strength, permanent uses. Some systems change from the cohesive to the adhesive failure mode as the amount of cure is increased, a point which will be illustrated later. 

The higher values can be applied for temporary applications or when the soil is more resistant to erosion (i.e., clay), and the mattresses are properly anchored. 

One major component in the decontaminant is the carrier system which has to solubihze the toxic compounds and the active component simultaneously. For this purpose macroscopic emulsions are often used at present [2]. However, these systems are only kinetically stabihzed and due to the resulting limited lifetime they are only temporary applicable. Hence, in recent years several groups were working on the replacement of these carriers by microemulsions [3,4]. 

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