Temporalis muscle

Rats were implanted with indwelling jugular cannulae for intravenous (IV) administration of drugs (Weeks and Davis 1964). To monitor cortical EEG and electromyographic (EMG) activity, respectively, they were also prepared with chronic cerebrocortical electrodes and temporalis muscle electrodes (Khazan 1975). One week was allowed for recovery from surgery before experimentation. 

Physical examination of the musculoskeletal system (e.g., biceps, triceps, quadriceps, temporalis, deltoid, and interosseus muscles) for loss of muscle mass, and examination of the skin and mucous membranes for abnormalities (e.g., noting dry or flaky skin, bruising, edema, ascites, poorly healing wounds) and loss of subcutaneous fat... 

Figure 8.1-1. PPT measured in four test muscles for 28 days. NGF or isotonic saline was injected into the masseter (MA) mnscle. Temporalis (TA) mnscle PPTs were also assessed bilaterally on the side of NGF and saline injection. Each point indicates mean + SEM ( = 12). The symbol ( ) indicates significantly lower and ( ) significantly higher compared with baseline (Dunnett p < 0.05). (Reprodnced from Ref. 134, with the permission of the International Association for the Study of Pain.)...

The musculoskeletal system is intimately involved in tension and migraine headaches. The muscle involvement in tension headache is obvious and includes the muscles of the head and face, the cervical spine, and the upper thorax. Somatic dysfunction of the occipito-atlantal joint, the atlanto-axial joint, and C2 on C3 are frequent sources of headache. The levator scapula, with its attachments to the scapula and the cervical spine, and the trapezius must be considered. Facial muscles may be the major source of head pain. The patient must be evaluated for bruxism, teeth grinding, or jaw clenching, which affects the temporalis and masseter muscles. Bruxism may lead to dysfunction of temporal bone motion or to problems with the temporomandibular joint. 

Movements of the TMJ result chiefly from the actions of the muscles of mastication—the temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles. The various movements of the TMJ result from the cooperative activity of several muscles, either bilaterally or unilaterally. 

Temporalis Extensive fan-shaped muscle covering the temporal region. 

Elevation is the opposite of depression. The motion is achieved mainly through the actions of the temporalis and medial pterygoid muscles. 

Somatic motor fibers are carried in three cranial nerves to the muscles of the eye, the occulo-motor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI), and in one to the tongue, hypoglossal (XII). Branchial motor fibers are carried by the trigeminal (V) to the temporalis and masseter muscles, by the facial (VII) to the muscles of expression of the face, by the glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) to the muscles of the pharynx and larynx, and the accessory nerve (XI) to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. 

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