Tempered glass transparency

Because of the transparency and chemical inertness of inorganic glasses, their uses in everyday life are ubiquitous. However, for many applications, especially where safety is concerned, as manufactured, glass is deemed to be too weak and brittle. Fortunately, glass can be significantly strengthened by a process referred to as thermal tempering, which introduces a state of compressive residual stresses on the surface (see Sec. 11.3.3). 

Surface defects are responsible for the limited glass resistance and its large scatter [6]. The creation of a compressive stress layer in the surface of the material can limit the formation or propagation of flaws and improve the mechanical properties thermal and chemical tempering of glass are two main methods for producing a compressive stress in the glass surface. The thermal method is widely used to make windows and other transparent flat structural components [2, 7],... 

The polyesteresterketone can be of two t5 es simple (unarmored) and reinforced (armored) by glass. Usually both types are opaque though they can become transparent after treatment at certain conditions. This happens due to the reversible change of material s crystallinity which can be recovered by tempering. The limited number of tinges of polyesteresterketones has been produced for those areas of industry where color articles are used. 

This limited phase interpenetration was best manifested in a NR/PUR blend wherein the NR latex was initially pre-vulcanized. Varghese et al prepared NR/PUR blends of 50/50 and 20/80 weight ratios. This sulfur pre-vulcanized NR latex was concentrated with 1 % ammonia and presented 60% DRC. The NR latex was mixed with a polyester-based PUR latex of 50% DRC followed by stirring. Due to the different preparation routes of both latices, their particle size in the water dispersion differed significantly. The related mixture was cast in a mould built of glass plates and allowed to dry in air until transparent. It was then tempered for 30 min at 100 °C in an oven. 

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