Tempered glass tempering

The upper use temperature for annealed ware is below the temperature at which the glass begins to soften and flow (about Pa-s or 10 P). The maximum use temperature of tempered ware is even lower, because of the phenomenon of stress release through viscous flow. Glass used to its extreme limit is vulnerable to thermal shock, and tests should be made before adapting final designs to any use. Table 4 Hsts the normal and extreme temperature limits for annealed and tempered glass. These data ate approximate and assume that the product is not subject to stresses from thermal shock. 

Glass—PVB laminates become mote rigid with a decrease in temperature, and below —7° C approach the performance of soHd glass. At temperatures above 38°C these laminates ate less rigid and provide improved penetration resistance. Some appHcations utili2e he at-strengthened or tempered glass for... 

Laminated windshields, as opposed to tempered glass windshields, are gaining in market share outside of North America. From 37% of the non-North American market of 1976, they were estimated to have reached 75% by 1982 (13). In addition to North America, Belgium, Italy, and the Scandinavian countries permit only laminated windshields, and other nations are increasing use by customer option. The trend toward laminated windshields is expected to continue and nonlaminated windshields will likely be obsolete by the year 2000 (14). 

The strength of glass under constant loading also increases with decrease in temperature. Since failure occurs at a lower stress when the glass surface contains surface defects, the strength can be improved by tempering the surface. 

Vulkan, m. volcano Vulcan, -asbest, m. vulcanized asbestos, -fiber, /. Vulcanized Fiber. T.N. -gas, n. volcanic gas. -glas, n. volcanic glass tempered glass. 

A process petrochemical plant producing a synthesis gas high in hydrogen experiences an explosion that results in the destruction of a 1500 cubic foot storage vessel normally held at 50 psig. Unprotected glass windows (i.e., no wire mesh reinforcing, nor tempered) in the plant area 150 feet away from the tank are broken. WTiat pressures were involved ... 

Put the liquid ingredients in a saucepan. Add die lemon zest, pierced with the cloves. Warm for about 2 minutes over medium heat but do not boil. Strain. Serve in a tempered-glass mug. Garnish widi currants. 

Qiliang Yan and Juan J. DePablo, Hyper-Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo and Its Applications Pablo G. Debenedetti, Frank H. Stillinger, Thomas M. Truskett, and Catherine P. Lewis, Theory of Supercooled Liquids and Glasses Energy Landscape and Statistical Geometry Perspectives... 

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