Temperature on the formation

Fulco AJ, Fuji DK (1980) The effect of temperature on the formation of delta-5 unsatm-... 

Table VIII. Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Illite Layers in K-Kinney Submitted to Wetting and Drying Cycles, and Then Exchanged Twice With 0.1 N SrCl2...

Fig. 13. Effect of temperature on the formation of S, from Sg in CS solution at 130°, 140° and 150 °C. The final equilibrium concentrations of S, at these temperatures are indicated by broken lines...

Seppanen, C. M. and Csallany, A. (2006). The effect of Intermittent and continuous heating of soybean oil at frying temperature on the formation of 4-hydroxy-2-(rans-nonenal and other a-, p-unsaturated hydroxyaldehydes. J. Am. Oils Chem. Soc. 83,121-127. 

Hatakeyama, S., H. Akimoto, and N. Washida, Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Photochemical Ozone in a Propene-NO,-Air-Irradiation System, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1884-1890(1991). 

Guraya, H. S., James, C., Champagne, E. T. (2001). Effect of enzyme concentration and storage temperature on the formation of slowly digestible starch from cooked debranched rice starch. Starch/Starke, 53, 131-139. 

For a molar ratio of decane/TMB equal to 0.66 (x = 1 and y = 15), the effect of the crystallization time and temperature on the formation of mesoporous materials has been studied. 

Up to now, the effects of the characteristics of the polyelectrolyte components themselves have been discussed. The effect of the reaction conditions, for example ionic strength, solvent, concentration and temperature on the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes will also be discussed in detail. When increasing the ionic strength, the following phenomena are expected to be observed ... 

The effects of the starting amount of catalyst, alkali conccnlraiion, partial pressure of CO2 or lU, and temperature, on the formation rate of formate, were examined in a kinetic study. Takezaki et al. assumed a reaction path involving hydrogen carbonate and palJadium hydrugen intermediates. 

Marais, J. (1979). Effect of storage time and temperature on the formation of dimethyl sulphide and on white wine quality. Vitis, 18, 254-260. 

It is clear, from these important ob rvations of P labon, that we may describe in the following way the influence exerted by the temperature on the formation or destruction of hydrogen sulphide ... 

Second, there is considerable experimental evidence that increased oxygen availability results in increased fuel nitrogen conversion and higher NO emissions. The data of Martin and Berkau (29) (Figure 8) indicate that NO is proportional to Po2 for the system studied Turner et al, 34) found similar results. Further, both investigators found little eflFect of bulk temperature on the formation of fuel NOa-. 

The effect of temperature on the condensation of silica has been mentioned before (e.g., stabilization of mesoporous silica). The effect of the temperature on the formation of the mesostructure can be understood by considering the g parameter of quaternary ammonium surfactants. As the mixture gel is heated, the conformational disorder of the surfactant tail increases, increasing the surfactant molecular volume and as a result the g value. At the same time, the repulsion of the charged headgroups is also increased with heating, which leads to an increase in the headgroup area a0 value. 

Colombo, C., Ricciardella, M., Di Cerce, A., Maiuro, L., and Violante, A. (2004). Effect of tannate, pH, sample preparation, ageing and temperature on the formation and nature of Al oxyhydroxides. Clays Clay Miner. 52, 721-733. 

The effect of temperature on the formation of ion 74 (ms ) and the associated CID ms fragment ion 56 shows the onset of production at 130°C and a further accelerated but transient production at 170 C (Figure 5). The decay in production may be attributed to a number of conditions for example the consumption of precursors, further reaction or perhaps the masking by other species present. The latter two conditions may also account for the apparent absence of ion 87 (3-methylbutanal, Stecker aldehyde) in the spectrum at 170 C (Figure 3, lower spectra) however it is clearly observed at 130°C. 

Figure 7 Influence of temperature on the formation of acrylonitrile plus acrolein in the ammoxidation of propene and propane (pnh3, inici - 10 kPa) over an iron antimony oxide catalyst (Sb/Fe = 1) left Arrhenius plot...

Figure 13. Effect of processing time and temperature on the formation of peroxides in LDPE (numbers on curves indicate temperatures (°C) in open chamber, 150C indicates 150° in a closed chamber)...

Skog, K., Steineck, G., Augustsson, K., and Jagerstad, M., Effect of cooking temperature on the formation of heterocyclic amines in fried meat products and pan residues. Carcinogenesis, 16, 861-867, 1995. 

Burton, H.R. Thermal decomposition of tobacco. V. Influence of temperature on the formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1975) 78-83. 

For the thermolysis of Si20Cl6 in a closed vessel, it could be shown that the rate of the growth reaction exceeds that of the decomposition reaction. Therefore, more and more chlorosiloxanes are formed at constant temperature. If the influence of higher temperature on the formation of chlorosiloxanes is studied, it is found that the number of oxygen-rich siloxanes increases. 

The influence of temperature on the formation of the PAPS porous structure has been considered, by way of example, for two samples synthesized in the presence of ethanol and DMF. It is known that any increase in the temperature of the silica gel precipitation leads to an increase in the sorptive capacity and effective diameter of pores, that is promotes formation of adsorbents with a large-porous structure [26]. This effect is usually related to variations in the mobility of particles and, as a consequence, in their aggregative stability. A similar pattern of increasing in values of Vs and Jeff is also observed for samples 14 and 19 in comparison to samples 75 and 20 prepared at a low temperature and at room temperature respectively (see Table 33.1). This effect is especially pronounced in the situation when the non-water solvent is DMF. However, in this case, with increasing temperature, in the S p value there is not a decrease but an increase from 146 to 222 m /g. Here, of some importance seems to be the nature of DMF as a solvent that readily forms strong hydrogen bonds. This results in that some portion of DMF molecules is not removed upon vacuum drying of samples 19 and 20. In other words, samples 19 and 20 somewhat differ in their composition firom other samples of PAPS characterized in Table 33.1, and, therefore, the comparative study of their structural and adsorptive properties would not be correct. 

Fig. 8.15 Influence of temperature on the formation of diisobutene by using polymer/carrier catalysts with different polymer load...

The effect of reaction temperature on the formation of MIBK was also examined. An increase in temperature resulted in increased MIBK yield for the 0.1% Pd/HTC, as shown in Figure 5. The three data points at 118°C correspond to replicate experiments and are presented as an indication of the reproducibility of the activity measurements. Interestingly, this increase in reaction temperature resulted in decreasing selectivity for the major by-products DAA and IPA, and increasing selectivity to MIBK and to heavier by-products (DMH, DIBK). However, extensive formation of heavier (C9+) by-products at elevated temperatures could result in blocking the active sites and thus decrease the activity for MIBK formation (12). Consequently, the choice of the appropriate reaction conditions may be a critical factor for optimizing the activity of a given catalytic system for the formation of MIBK. 

The contribution of longitudinal monomer diffusion, the presence of active centres and temperature on the formation of temperature and concentration fields in a reaction zone, was considered by introducting the following parameters ... 

Fig, 4.21 The effect of furnace temperature on the formation of HCN during thermooxidation of... 

In the suspension of Si02, NaOH, and Na2C03, the effects of the compositions of reactants, reaction time, and temperature on the formation of Na-magadiite and... 

Zhelibo EP, Kravets NN (1997) Theory, preparation technology, and properties of powders and fibers. Influence of the electrolysis temperature on the formation, composition, and magnetic properties of highly dispersed Iron and Iron-Nickel alloy powders. Powd Metall Metal Ceram 36 264-268... 

Yamamoto H, Horn F. (1994). In sim crystallization of bacterial cellulose I. Influences of polymeric additives, stirring and temperature on the formation celluloses I a and I 3 as revealed by cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Cellulose, 1, 57-66. 

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