TE efficiency

Figure 4.12 Power (V/ ) and efficiency (Titot) characteristics of a counter-current exchanger TEG system. For comparison, the intrinsic TE efficiency (t te) without heat recirculation is reported.

While the Seebeck effect enables TE devices to be used for power generation, the Peltier effect allows them to be used for cooling. In Peltier effect devices, heat flows in the same direction as majority carriers. The appropriate metric for this apphcation is called the TE efficiency, t], which is simply the ratio between the load s power input and the net heat flowrate. Essentially, rj gives the fraction of Camot efficiency attainable... 

What is the sink-side efficiency T)i, the gas exit temperature Te, and the mean flux density through the tube surface ... 

In the present work it has been shown that on-line coupling of flowthrough fractionation in RCC with ICP-EAS detection enables not only the fast and efficient fractionation of trace elements (TE) in environmental solids to be achieved but allows real-time studies on the leaching process be made. A novel five-step sequential extraction scheme was tested in on-line mode. The optimal conditions for the fractionation were chosen. Investigating elution curves provides important information on the efficiency of the reagents used, the leaching time needed for the separation of each fraction, and the potential mobility of HM forms. 

There is a link between the thermal efficiency and the turbine exit temperature Te. It results from expressing the thermal efficiency of the cycle in the form... 

The heat supplied is = 6p[7 3 — Tj], and for each of these reversible cycles the heat rejected will be + [Pg.54]

Rudolph Diesel s original intent was to produce a low-heat-rejection internal-combustion engine without the need for a cooling system. He believed that this would provide less heat losses from the combustion process and provide him with a superior heat, or thermally efficient (TE), design concept. To his chagrin. 

Finally, epoxides can be converted into other functional groups under certain well-defined conditions. For example, ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzes the efficient conversion of epoxides to thiiranes (i.e., 124 125) at room temperature in te/t-butanol <96SYN821>. 

A similar procedure has been used to cathodically deposit lead telluride, PbTe, onto n-Si(lOO) wafers from an acidic electrolyte containing Pb(ll) and Te(IV) species at ambient conditions [106], Rock salt PbTe particles with size from 80 to 180 nm were obtained, distributed randomly on the Si substrate. The mechanism of PbTe nucleation was considered to involve OPD of 3D islands of tellurium followed by lead UPD. The barrier for anodic current formed at the n-Si/PbTe interface rendered the deposition of PbTe irreversible, although high-efficiency photooxidation... 

Importantly, Licht [104], using the optimized polysulfide elecfrolyfes developed for CdX PEC (described in a preceding paragraph), was able fo demonsfrafe frue long-term stability for a polycrystalline pasted thin film Cd(Se,Te)/aqueous polysulfide system. In specific, complete stability was exhibited for an 8-month outdoors operation at 4.1% conversion efficiency. 

Licht S, Tenne R, Dagan G, Manassen J, Hodes G, Cahen D, Triboulet R, Rioux J, Levy-Clement C (1985) High efficiency n-Cd(Se,Te)/S photoelectrochemical ceU resulting from solution chemistry control. Appl Phys Lett 46 608-610... 

Van Asselt, A. J., Van Houwelingen, G., and Te Giffel, M. C. (2002). Monitoring system for improving cleaning efficiency of cleaning-in-place processes in dairy environments. Trans. IChemE 80(Pt. C), 276-280. 

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