TATB products

The process has been successfully scaled-up to pilot plant level and the product characteristics are yield > 98%, purity 95-99% and particle size 40-60 pm. At the same time, this process reduces the environmental impact of TATB production as compared with the traditional TCB Route [52]. 

The tri-nitration of 3,5-dichloroanisole (134) followed by ammonolysis of the product (135) with ammonia is a much more facile route to TATB (14) although the cost and availability of (134) makes this route of academic interest only. ... 

Some years ago, French scientists reported DINGU [Structure (2.40)] as an insensitive explosive but subsequently lost interest in it due to its poor performance (VOD 7580ms"1 and density 1.99 gem"3). It is easy to prepare DINGU (by nitration of the condensation product of glyoxal with urea) at a low cost which makes it very attractive [168]. Based on their studies, Cobum and co-workers called this an IHE. It is of course, somewhat more sensitive than TATB but it is much less sensitive than HMX [169]. The data of Coburn and co-workers are in agreement with the findings of Chinese workers who prepared PBXs of DINGU, TNT and... 

Under Oxygen deficient conditions, the formation of detonation product gases from TATB are as follows ... 

Pilot Plant Production of Triaimnotrinitro-benzene (TATB) , LA-3632, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (1967) 16) Not used 17) J.M. Rosen C. Dickinson, Vapor Pressures and Heats Sublimation of Some High Melting Organic Explosives ,... 

Both steps require high temperature and considerable reaction time but give 80-90 percent yields. The major problem areas are chloride impurities in the final product and the excessively fine particle size of the final product. Because TATB is highly insoluble in most solvents, it is difficult to purify the... 

TAT = 1,3,5,7-tetracetyl-1,3,5,7-octa-hydroazocine, precursor-product for the - Octogensynthesis 240 TATB = triaminotrinitrobenzene 344 TATNB = triazidotrinitrobenzene 345 TAX = acethylhexahydrodinitrotria-zine (USA)... 

Summary TATB is easily prepared by ammoniating trichlorotrinitrobenzene in benzene solvent. The product TATB immediately precipitates upon the addition of the ammonia gas, and continues through out the ammonia addition. After the addition is complete, the product is then filtered-off, washed and dried. Commercial Industrial note For related, or similar information, see Serial No. 813,039, May 13th, 1959, by The United States Navy, to Lloyd A. Kaplan, Adelphi, MD, and Francis Taylor, Jr., Baltimore MD. Part or parts of this laboratory process may be protected by international, and/or commercial/industrial processes. Before using this process to legally manufacture the mentioned explosive, with intent to sell, consult any protected commercial or industrial processes related to, similar to, or additional to, the process discussed in this procedure. This process may be used to legally prepare the mentioned explosive for laboratory, educational, or research purposes. 

Figure 20.6 Left-going shock wave P-u Hugoniot of the detonation reaction products of TATB/T2, developed from experimental data (Ref. 3).

In Figure 11 we calculate the shock Hugoniot of HMX/TATB (49% HMX, 47% TATB, 4% Estane) to experiment. Good agreement is seen with both product libraries. 

Products 10 and 11 may undergo further internal cyclizations. Furazans and furoxans are known to be more sensitive than TATB [3,18,77,83], and their formation has been interpreted as a sensitizing event [18]. However the reactions leading to furazans and furoxans are not exothermic eq.(2) is... 

More recent developments in explosives have seen the production of hexanitrostilbene [(HNS) (C14H5N5O22)] in 1966 by Shipp, and triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) [(NH2)3Cg(N02)3] in 1978 by Adkins and Norris. Both of these materials are able to withstand relatively high temperatures compared with other explosives. TATB was first prepared in 1888 by Jackson and Wing, who also determined its solubility characteristics. In the 1950s, the USA Naval Ordnance Laboratories recognized TATB as a useful heat-resistant explosive, and successful... 

Figure 9. Isolated furazan products of the TATB thermochemical decomposition process showing loss of H atoms by N—H bond rupture. 2 ...

Thermally decomposed TATB condensed phase products have been isolated by repeated thin layer chromatography (TLC) elution, and chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) analysis reveals at least three furoxan products formed by the loss of H2 and cyclization of adjacent amino and nitro groups (Figure 11). 3 This must involve N—H bond rupture and is consistent with it being the same... 

Figure 11. Isolated furazan products from the TATB thermochemical decomposition process.

Figure 12. Furazan and furoxan products formed from sub-ignition of TATB by mechanical impact. ...

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