Target payments

Financial incentives may also be used to increase the uptake of evidence at the local level rates of influenza vaccination in Denmark were for instance increased following the introduction of targeted payments to patients, whilst in the UK cervical cytology screening became more widely employed following the introduction of additional performance related payments based on the level of uptake achieved [19]. 

Armenia 1999 Replacement of 26 categorically targeted payments with a single proxy means-tested family benefit... 

Many computer software packages are available for energy-targeting purposes, but care should be taken in specifying the requirements and insisting on performance satisfaction and testing before final payment. Such software packages may be expensive and could require modifications for actual use. 

The distinction can be made between horizontal and vertical equity. Horizontal equity is the equal treatment of equals individuals with the same needs should receive equivalent amounts of care or support, or individuals with the same personal means (for example, in relation to income or wealth) should bear equal burdens of funding. Vertical equity is the differential allocation of treatments or outcomes to individuals with different needs, or a differential burden of payment such as a progressive tax. Targeting services on needs is the most common example of the pursuit of greater equity, and it is therefore also legitimate to question the efficiency with which equity is pursued. 

Why was defence expenditure a prominent target for economies from the mid-1950s The most obvious reason was that military personnel had to be maintained abroad and were a direct charge on the United Kingdom balance of payments. As table 6.4 shows, there was a marked reduction in the numbers of personnel overseas between 1955 and the... 

Sources of finance for company acquisitions as mentioned above can be from reserves or maybe taken a senior or subordinated debt. Alternatively a bond may be issued with various characteristics offering an annuity, a balloon payment or a combination of the two. A variety of convertible structures have been utilized for this purpose as asset sales and the use of the target s balance sheet. There has also been a place for royalty transactions where the future-value of product cash flows are securitized to provide capital in the near term to achieve a company acquisition. 

The difference between compensation and reimbursement is one of the first concepts that require further explanation. One of the goals of value-added services is to receive compensation for services. This means that the patient, insurance company, or some other entity has paid for the direct cost of the service plus the perceived value of that service. Reimbursement, on the other hand, is payment for only the direct cost of the service without any payment above that (Hogue, 2002). In order to have a profitable service, compensation should be targeted instead of reimbursement. If only reimbursement is targeted, then only the direct costs of providing the service, such as payment for supplies, is recovered, and the net revenue may be minimal. 

Given that the payments made to the O M contractor are likely to be a small fraction of the revenues earned by the project as a whole from electricity sales, It is not usually possible to secure damages from the O M contractor for failure to achieve set performance targets for ouput (ie efficiency and availability) which are... 

Even more sophisticated policies, which generate incentives for providers, are possible. Payments can be made to voucher distributors based on the number of target group patients treated, on the redemption rate they achieve with their vouchers, or on the socioeconomic profile of patients treated. 

Just as each objective needs indicators, so each indicator needs targets in time. If for example one objective of a cost containment programme is to reduce the well-documented over-prescribing of antidepressant drugs, an indicator can be the quarterly prescribing level for five major drugs of this type as documented by national insurance payments, and targets could be a 20% reduction by December 2003 and a 50% reduction by December 2005. 

Index-linked gilts are linked to the Retail Prices Index (All Items), or RPI, with an eight-month lag. The inflation rate calculated from this index is often described as headline inflation, as a short-form name distinguishing it from the so-called underlying measure RPIX, which excludes mortgage interest payments and is the index subject to the Monetary Policy Committee s inflation target. 

As these commodity councils are formed, one of the first places to start is on transactional efficiency. Even today, after 20 years of investment in sourcing technologies, this is still a target-rich environment. These processes are fraught with issues leading to payment and matching issues. 

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