Tanned fish

EXPOSURE ROUTES rubber, tanning, fish processing, dye and surfactant industries ingestion of food cured meats and smoked fish drinking contaminated water breathing cigarette smoke contaminated ambient air percutaneous adsorption... 

As the name implies, these operations, if uncontrolled, can cause a serious air pollution problem. The main problem is the odors associated with the process. Examples of such industries are tanning works, rendering plants, and many of the food processing plants such as fish meal plants. In most cases, the emissions of particulates and gases from such plants are not of concern, only the odors. Requiring these industries to locate away from the business or residential areas is no longer acceptable as a means of control. 

The tanned or preserved skin of an animal is called leather. This material varies greatly from species to species, and its properties are also affected by the process of tanning. Most of the materials treated in this way come from mammals, but the skins of some fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are also occasionally tanned for various purposes. 

Lipase (Aspergillus niger var.) Produced as an off white to tan, amorphous powder by controlled fermentation using Aspergillus niger var. Soluble in water (the solution is usually light yellow), but practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. Major active principle lipase. Typical application used in the hydrolysis of lipids (e.g., fish oil concentrates and cereal-derived lipids). 

Pepsin Obtained from the glandular layer of hog stomach. White to light-tan, water-soluble powder amber paste or clear amber to brown aqueous liquids. Major active principle pepsin. Typical applications preparation of fish meal and other protein hydrolysates clotting of milk in manufacture of cheese (in combination with rennet). 

Use and exposure -Butylamine is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent fish-or ammonia-like odor it is an extremely flammable liquid and is miscible with water and ethanol. It is used extensively in industries as an intermediate in organic synthesis, to make insecticides, in leather and synthetic tanning, antioxidants, photography, plastics, dyestuffs, rubber chemicals and many emulsifying agents, and pharmaceuticals. ... 

The process is different to that used for shagreen. The skins must be descaled, delimed and preserved, in order to remove oils and the fishy smell. They are then tanned and dyed, before being stretched and polished. Today fish leather is becoming very fashionable, with salmon skin leading the way. 

---