Szathmary

Grandics, R, Szathmary, S., Szathmary, Z., and O Neill, T., Integration of cell culture with continuous, on-line sterile downstream processing, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 646, 322, 1991. 

Szathmary E, Santos M, Fernando C (2005) Evolutionary Potential and Requirements for Minimal Protocells. 259 167-211... 

In the last 20 years, a new problem, the evolutionary origin of levels of organization, or evolutionary transition, has been added to those celebrated since Darwin (Buss, 1987). In their recent book, The Major Transitions in Evolution, Maynard Smith and Szathmary (1995, p. 6) identified what they considered to be eight major originations of new levels of organization (Table 11.1). For most of these, they claimed a common feature . .. entities that were capable of independent replication before the transition... 

TABLE 11.1 The major transitions and levels in evolution (al ter Maynard Smith and Szathmary, 1995)... 

Notice that the common feature of many evolutionary transitions identified by Maynard Smith and Szathmary involves a change in the status of replicators. Once the replication of a class of entities becomes dependent on a larger whole, they do not become independent replicators again. So new replicators at the emergent level must exist and replicate independently in order for there to be a still higher level transition. Given the nature of replicators as analyzed by both Dawkins and Hull, there is a problem with this characterization of the common feature only one or possibly two evolutionary transitions are at all likely to have occurred in the history of life. 

Szathmary, E. (1999), Chemes, genes, memes a revised classification of replicators , Lectures on Mathematics in the Life Sciences, 26, 1-10. 

Cambridge University Press, p 241 Shapiro R (1996) Orig Life Evol Biosphere 26 238 Shapiro R (1999) Planetary Dreams. Wiley Sons, New York Shapiro R (2000) Orig Life Evol Biosphere 30 243 Shapiro R (2002) Book of Program and Abstracts, ISSOL-02 Oaxaca, p 60 Shapiro R (2007) Scientific American 296 624 Sievers D, von Kiedrowski G (1994) Nature 369 221 Sleeper HL, Lohrmann R, Orgel LE (1979) J Mol Evol 13 203 Szathmary E, Gladkih I (1989) J Theor Biol 138 55 Tjivikua T, Ballester P, Rebek J Jr (1990) J Am Chem Soc 112 1249... 

Szathmary and Luhmann [50] described a sensitive and automated gas chromatographic method for the determination of miconazole in plasma samples. Plasma was mixed with internal standard l-[2,4-dichloro-2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzyloxy) phenethyl]imidazole and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and extracted with heptane-isoamyl alcohol (197 3) and the drug was back-extracted with 0.05 M sulfuric acid. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 10 and extracted with an identical organic phase, which was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in isopropanol and subjected to gas chromatography on a column (12 m x 0.2 mm) of OV-1 (0.1 pm) at 265 °C, with nitrogen phosphorous detection. Recovery of miconazole was 85% and the calibration graph was rectilinear for 0.25 250 ng/mL. 

Maynard-Smith, J. and Szathmary, E. (2000). The Origins of Life — From the Birth of Life to the Origins of Language. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 

Maynard Smith, J. and Szathmary, E. (1998). The Origins of Life. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Morowitz, H. (2002). The Emergence of Everything. Oxford University Press Inc., New York. Mulkidjanian, A.Y., and Junge, W. (1999). Primordial UV-protectors as ancestors of the photosynthetic pigment protein. In G. A. Peshek, et al. (eds). The Phototropic Prokaryotes. Kluwer Academic Press Pub., New York, pp. 805-812... 

A. Kun, B. Papp, and E. Szathmary, Computational identification of obligatorily autocatalytic replicators embedded in metabolic networks. Gen. Biol. 9(3), R51 (2008). 

Santos I, Paulo A, Correia JDG (2005) Rhenium and Technetium Complexes Anchored by Phosphines and Scorpionates for Radiopharmaceutical Applications. 252 45-84 Santos M, see Szathmary E (2005) 259 167-211... 

Saladino R, Crestini C, Costanzo G, DiMauro E (2005) On the Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucle-obases. Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides, Pre-RNA and Pre-DNA Molecules. 259 29-68 Santos I, Paulo A, Correia JDG (2005) Rhenium and Technetium Complexes Anchored by Phosphines and Scorpionates for Radiopharmaceutical Applications. 252 45-84 Santos M, see Szathmary E (2005) 259 167-211 Sawant PD, see Nicolau DV (2005) 260 113-160 Scandola F, see Chiorboli C (2005) 257 63-102... 

Diaconu CC, Szathmari M, Keri G, Venetianer A (1999) Apoptosis is induced in both drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant hepatoma cells by somatostatin analogue TT-232. Br J Cancer 80 1197-1203... 

Daldrup T, Haarhoff K, Szathmary SC. 1983. Toedliche nickel sulfaye-intoxikation. Berichte zur Serichtlichen Medizin. 41 141-144. 

Szathmary, Laszlo, Magyar Alkemist k, Kiadja a K. M. Termeszettu-... 

For further details concerning the his tor of die match industry the reader may consult, for example, the series of articles published by M. F Crass, Jr., in volume 18 of the Journal of Chemical Education in 1941 (28) and Professor Laszlo (Ladislaus) von Szathmary s "History of the Match up to the End of die Nineteenth Century" (56). The early history of die manufacture of phosphorus in America has been described in die Journal of Chemical Education in an interesting article by William E. Gibbs and Claude K. Deischer (57). 

Professor Ladislaus von Szathmary. Hungarian historian of chemistry and editor. Author of many articles and... 

This statement may serve as a correction to page 65 of the first and second editions of "The Discovery of the Elements. Dr. Speter and Professor von Szathmary kindly informed me that Baron von Reichenstein was bom in Nagyszeben (Sibiu), not in Vienna, and that he at first mistook the tellurium not for antimony but for bismuth. 

Kitaibel published a number of books and articles on the flora and mineral waters of Hungary, and according to Professor L. von Szathmary (II), was the first to prepare solid bleaching powder and use it for bleaching textiles. 

Szathmary, Laszlo, Paul Kitaibel, the Hungarian chemist, Magyar Gyogys-... 

Szathmary, L. von, Einige chemisch-physikalische Apparate des ungarischen... 

Szathmary, L., Potash boilery m Hungary, Kulonlenyomat a Magyar... 

The claim of the inevitability of life on Earth is criticized by some authors, for example Szathmary calls it the gospel of the inevitability (Szathmdry, 2002), and Lazcano (2003) has similar views. This inevitability view has its counterpart in the notion that contingency is the basic creative force for shaping the molecular and evolutionistic constructs on Earth (which de Duve, 2002, dubbed the gospel of contingency ). It should be said that de Duve accepts contingency, but in a context other than the origin of life (de Duve, 2002). 

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