Systems integration features

An electrochemical detector uses the electrochemical properties of target analytes for their determination in a flowing stream. Electrochemistry (EC) offers great promise for microchip systems, with features that include high sensitivity (approaching that of fluorescence), inherent miniaturization and integration... 

A word needs to be said about controller type and controller tuning. Controller algorithm selection and tuning are important to the success of any control system. Two features should be recognized about the Eastman process. First, it is an integrating process with little selfregulation in terms of pressure, liquid levels, and chemical components. Second, there are no tight specifications on any variables. 

In many circumstances, the supplied system will be based on a standard COTS product and include additional features that are superfluous in the intended context. These features cannot normally be disabled because they are integral to the COTS product. Such redundant features should be included in the Functional Specification, noted as superfluous and, if possible, rendered inaccessible to users within the implemented computer system. Standard features that support compliance, such as audit trails for electronic records, should be used even if not defined within the URS. In such circumstances it may be necessary to make additional design allowances for the inclusion of these features (e.g., for audit trail functionality, extra storage capacity may be required). Standard documentation for COTS products can be referenced by the Fnnctional Specification, if available for inspection, rather than reproduced. Care must be taken to refer to the correct version of COTS documentation and to keep cross-references up to date following any system upgrades. 

The modern regime of pesticide use, which has arisen over the past fifty years, must be seen as an integral feature of this genetic vulnerability, not as an unrelated scientific breakthrough. It is precisely because hybrids are so uniform and hence disease prone that quasiheroic measures have to be taken to control the environment in which they are grown. Such hybrids are analogous to a human patient with a compromised immune system who must be kept in a sterile field lest an opportunistic infection take hold. The sterile field, in this case, has been established by the blanket use of pesticides. ... 

Integration The autosampler must have integrated control with the mass spectrometer software and include scheduling functionality for multiplexed systems. This feature is also important for regulated studies where sample well information metadata should be stored in the raw data. 

Iterative or Rapid Application Development (RAD) is frequently employed in the development of configurable information systems. Where this approach is used, a team is normally formed comprising system integrators and key users who collectively develop the preferred solution. The benefit of such an approach is that users are able to quickly visualize the system and therefore confirm its requirements at an early stage. Further, the system integrator is able to demonstrate the key features of the system and propose implementation options that meet both business and technical needs. The pitfalls of such an approach can be many if this phase of the project is not correctly managed. Typical pitfalls include the following ... 

The control quality parameters are always defined by the customer and they become then an integral part of the design. Already in the course of the control system development, definitions of the control system quality features are mutually agreed upon, including the methods and conditions under which the required quality is to be achieved. 

The use of nuclear power as a source of energy for potable water production is both technically viable and economically competitive. CANDESAL s system integration and design optimization techniques provide significant improvements in the efficiency of energy use and the economics of water production. These features will allow nuclear desalination to play an important role in the solution to the Rowing global demand for water and electricity. 

SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) is an advanced integral PWR(Pressurized Water Reactor) tihat produces 330MWt at fiill power. Major primary components are housed within a single pressure vessel. New, advanced and innovative features are incorporated in the design to provide the reactor with significant enhancements in safety, reliability, performance, and operability. Major design and safety characteristics of SMART can be summarized as follows ... 

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