Synthetic Oxidation Start Temperature

The results of thermogravimetry in argon of the petroleum based lubrication oils without any additive are listed in Table 4-175 those in air in table 4-176. The thermogravimetry of the synthetic lubricants on samples with and without any additives both in argon and in air is shown in Tables 4-177 and 4-178. The oxidation start temperatures, determined by comparis p of the TGA curves in argon and air, are listed in Table 4-179. The additive-treatment shifted the towards higher temperatures. The values for the synthetics without... 

Reactions carried out on the surface of inorganic oxides allow convenient high-yield and selective syntheses of various metal carbonyl complexes and clusters, starting from easily available materials (Tables 16.1-16.3). The synthetic procedures are straightforward and the recovery of products is easy. Since the use of a solid as reaction medium is not Umited in the manner in solution by boiling points and by the thermal instabiUty of some solvents, it is possible to work at atmospheric pressure even at rather high temperatures. Therefore, in many cases, yields and pressure are better and lower, respectively, than those of the traditional syntheses in solution (Tables 16.4—16.6). 

The conventional preparative routes to anionic, neutral, or cationic complexes of indium start with the metal, which is dissolved in a suitable mineral acid to give a solution from which hydrated salts can be obtained by evaporation. These hydrates react with a variety of neutral or anionic ligands in nonaqueous solvents, and a wide range of indium(III) complexes have been prepared in this manner.1 Alternatively, the direct high-temperature oxidation of the metal by halogens yields the anhydrous trihalides, which are again convenient starting materials in synthetic work. In the former case, the initial oxidation of the metal is followed by isolation, solution reaction, precipitation, and recrystallization. 

Bismuth is an important element in many of the new high-temperature, oxide superconductors and in a variety of heterogeneous mixed oxide catalysts. Some of the methods employed in the preparation of these materials, namely sol-gel and chemical vapor deposition processes, require bismuth alkoxides as precursors and a number of papers on these compounds have recently been published.1 One synthetic route to bismuth alkoxides, which avoids the more commonly used trihalide starting materials and the often troublesome separation of alkali metal halides, involves the reaction between a bismuth amide and an alcohol according to the following equation ... 

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