Synthetic organic materials poly

Materials that are constructed from organic polymers such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polyisoprene (natural rubber and a synthetic elastomer) and poly(vinyl chloride) are common features of our daily lives. Most of these and related organic polymers are generated from acyclic precursors by free radical, anionic, cationic or organometallic polymerisation processes or by condensation reactions. Cyclic precursors are rarely used for the production of organic polymers. 

Synthetic organic halides are also used in insulating materials, plastic wrap, and coatings. Two such compounds are Teflon and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). 

It was not until the commercialization of synthetic plastics resins in the 1930s that an almost unlimited variety of base materials became available for compounding into adhesives and sealants. Most of the thermoplastic resins were soluble in organic solvents and were used as solvent adhesives for molded plastic articles of the same base composition and sometimes for other materials. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), a thermoplastic developed in 1927, is used today in solvent formulations to bond PVC articles such as coated fabrics, films, foams, and pipe. In the early 1930s, phenolics came into importance as adhesive resins. Before that time they were used as coating varnishes [9, p. 239). About 1931 development of the use of a new phenolic resin for plywoods and veneers began [9, p. 239]. 

These gels are made of synthetic organic polymers [3, 4]. Polystyrene crosslinked tvith divinyl benzene, poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid) derivatives are well known materials. Polystyrene type gels are used for both porous adsorbents and ion exchange resins. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the chemical structures of polystyrene and poly(acrylic acid)-t3 e ion exchange resins, respectively. Ion exchange resins can be divided into... 

In the more distant future, some other synthetic processes will be applied to TPEs, such as the carbon-carbon polycondensations catalyzed by metal derivatives [193,194] or the use of enzymatic catalysis in organic media [195]. The bacterial polymers are of great interest as organic materials, such as the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), which are potential thermoplastic elastomers. The... 

In the eady 1920s, experimentation with urea—formaldehyde resins [9011-05-6] in Germany (4) and Austria (5,6) led to the discovery that these resins might be cast into beautiful clear transparent sheets, and it was proposed that this new synthetic material might serve as an organic glass (5,6). In fact, an experimental product called PoUopas was introduced, but lack of sufficient water resistance prevented commercialization. Melamine—formaldehyde resin [9003-08-1] does have better water resistance but the market for synthetic glass was taken over by new thermoplastic materials such as polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (see Methacrylic polya rs Styrene plastics). 

A large part of organic and macromolecular chemistry starts with the chemical functionalization of benzene, and benzene units serve us building blocks for important polymers. Naturally, benzene-based aromatic materials also represent an important subclass of jt-conjugaled architectures. Despite some synthetic difficulties related to the generation of structurally well-defined oligo- and poly(phenyl-... 

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