Synthetic Organic Elicitors

Some studies have shown that a little diversification on the structure of jasmonates could make a great difference to the induction effect. In 1996, Yukimune et al. reported that the earboxyl group of the C-1 position and the carbonyl group of the C-6 position in MJA were important for promoting the accumulation of taxanes in suspension cell culture. They found that the induced production of paclitaxel was down sharply when earbonyl group on the MJA C-6 position was redueed to hydroxyl. If the C-1 position earboxyl 

It was noticed that S-methyl benzo-l,2,3-thiadiazole-7-carboxylate (BTH), the first commercial SAR activator for plants, could induce a similar defense response to salicylic acid in signal transduction. Therefore, it was interesting to investigate whether or not BTH derivatives could also induce secondary 

3 Application of Chemical Bioengineering in Plant Cell Culture 

1 Taxane Productions from Taxus chinensis Cell Cultures 

Taxanes are diterpene compounds containing a taxane skeleton. Paclitaxel, the first compound identified with a taxane ring, was isolated from the bark of the pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia in 1971. Subsequently, paclitaxel and tax-oid derivatives have been reported from the foliage and bark of several other species of Taxus, like T wallichinan, T. baccata, T. canadensis, T. cuspidata, and T Yunnanensis ° ° In addition to the plant resources, some endophytic fungi, such as Tubercularia sp., Sporormia minima and Seimatoantlerium tepui-ense, have also been reported to produce paclitaxel and other taxoids. Paclitaxel is effective for the treatment of leukemia and cancers. It has been reported that paclitaxel is capable of curing approximately 30%, 50%, and 20% of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer patients, respectively.  

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The type and structure of elicitors vary greatly. Elicitors can be classified into abiotic elicitors or biotic elicitors on the basis of their nature . The classification of elicitors is presented in Table 6.4. Abiotic elicitors are substances of non-biological origin, predominantly inorganic salts like Cu, Cd, and Ca, as well as physical factors, osmotic stress, synthetic organic compounds, and so on. Biotic elicitors are substances of biological origin. They... 

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