Synthetic experimental setup

For any synthetic method, it is important to define the experimental setup required for the reactions so that new users can take advantage of the chemistry. This is especially important for electrochemistry in which misgivings about the need for... 

Electrophoresis — Movement of charged particles (e.g., ions, colloidal particles, dispersions of suspended solid particles, emulsions of suspended immiscible liquid droplets) in an electric field. The speed depends on the size of the particle, as well as the -> viscosity, -> dielectric permittivity, and the -> ionic strength of the solution, and it is directly proportional to the applied electric field. In analytical as well as in synthetic chemistry electrophoresis has been employed to separate species based on different speeds attained in an experimental setup. In a typical setup the sample is put onto a mobile phase (dilute electrolyte solution) filled, e.g., into a capillary or soaked into a paper strip. At the ends of the strip connectors to an electrical power supply (providing voltages up to several hundred volts) are placed. Depending on their polarity and mobility the charged particles move to one of the electrodes, according to the attained speed they are sorted and separated. (See also - Tiselius, - electrophoretic effect, - zetapotential). 

The experimental setup is essentially identical to that described in Sec. III.A and Figure 13. The synthetic membrane in the diffusion cell is replaced with a section of excised skin tissue. The donor compartment contains a redox-active species that is transported across the tissue due to the concentration gradient or an applied current. The two large Ag/AgCl electrodes and a galvanostat are used to drive the iontophoretic current across the skin. 

The experimental setup in Fig. 6.6 is used to confirm the impact that both the DOP and Ti02 have on the NBR. The synthetic elastomer filled with different contents of the DOP and Ti02 is subjected to a high voltage (in the order of kilovolts) until this elastomer breaks down. The experimental results are shown in Fig. 6.18. 

The general experimental setup for a DCC approach to discover new synthetic receptors includes ... 

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