Synthesis, process engineering

Computer-aided process synthesis systems do not mean completely automated design systems (57). Process synthesis should be carried out by interactive systems, in which the engineer s role is to carry out synthesis and the machine s role is to analy2e the performance of synthesized systems. Computet apphcations in the future will probably deal with the knowledge-based system in appHed artificial intelligence. Consequendy, research on computer-aided process synthesis should be directed toward the realization of such systems with the collaboration of experienced process engineers. 

Chemical vapor deposition is a synthesis process in which the chemical constituents react in the vapor phase near or on a heated substrate to form a solid deposit. The CVD technology combines several scientific and engineering disciplines including thermodynamics, plasma physics, kinetics, fluid dynamics, and of course chemistry. In this chapter, the fundamental aspects of these disciplines and their relationship will be examined as they relate to CVD. 

Kumar, A. (1982) Process Synthesis and Engineering Design (McGraw-Hill). 

Hessel V, Lowe H, Muller A, Kolb G (2005d) Chemical micro process engineering—processing and plants. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim Hessel V, Hofmann C, Lob P, Lowe H, Parals M (2007) Micro-reactor processing for the aqueous Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis of hydroquinone and phloro-glucinol. Chem Eng Technol 31, (in press)... 

G. Kaibel and H. Schoenmakers. Process synthesis and design in industrial practice. In J. Grievink and J.V. Schijndel, editors, European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering-12, pages 9-22. Elsevier, Holland, 2002. 

We first considered applications of this approach within process engineering. Steady-state flowsheeting or simulation tools are the workhorse for most process design studies the application of simultaneous optimization strategies has allowed optimization of these designs to be performed within an order of magnitude of the effort required for the simulation problem. An application of this strategy to an ammonia synthesis process was presented. Currently, flowsheet optimization is widely available commercially and has also been installed on the FLOWTRAN simulator for academic use. 

Johannessen T, Jenson JR, Mosleh M, Johansen J, Quaade U, Livbjerg H (2002) Flame synthesis of nanoparticles Application in catalysis and product/process engineering. Chem Eng Res Des 82 1444-1452... 

The workshop identified the area of preparation, or pre-response, in terms of the following qnestion What can be done prior to a terrorist event to improve our capability to limit the effects of a disaster The answers to this question encompass an enormous range of activities relevant to the chemical sciences. These challenges have been grouped into two subcategories process engineering and chemical synthesis. Several issues that can be broadly classified under infra-stmcture also emerged in our discussions. These are treated separately below. 

Currently, after each step in the synthesis process, a sample is analyzed to approve or reject the operation. Not only is this inefficient for the industry in general, this is also a stumbling block for a rapid scale-up. Controls and measurements of the process need to be accomplished in situ, which is again an issue that requires the chemists and chemical engineers to work together toward a solution. It may, in fact, involve lab-on-a-chip technologies and microreactors that were presented by other speakers in this workshop. 

G. A. P. Conti and W. R. Paterson. Chemical reactors in process synthesis. Process System Engineering, Symp. Series, 92 391,1985. 

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