Biotechnological Syntheses

Fischer, L., Bromann, R., Kengen, S.W.M., de Vos, W.M. and Wagner, F. (1996) Catalytical potency of b-glucosidase from the extremophile Pyrococcus furiosus in glucoconjugate synthesis. Biotechnology 14, 88-91. 

Reactor operation and scale-up of whole-cell Baeyer-Villiger catalyzed lactone synthesis. Biotechnology Progress, 18,1039-1046. 

Organ, M.G. and Dixon, C.E. (2000) The preparation of amino-substituted biaryl libraries the application of sohd-supported reagents to streamline solution-phase synthesis. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 71, 71—77. 

Manufacture Chemical synthesis Chemical synthesis Biotechnology driven... 

Lozano, P., T. de Diego, D. Carrie, M. Vaultier, and J. L. Iborra. 2001. Over-Stabilization of Candida Antarctica Lipase B by Ionic Liquids in Ester Synthesis. Biotechnology Letters 23 (18) 1529-1533. 

Chapter 6 Cyclodextrins in Organic Synthesis, Biotechnology, and in Separation Processes ... 

Rising demand is reported for nonfood applications in chemical synthesis, biotechnological production of organic acids, solvents and - biopolymers and in the USA for fuel ethanol (gasohol). Slightly hydrolyzed products with behavior of high-molecular starches are not termed s., but - thin-boiling starches (Lintner and Zulkowsky starches) or -> dextrins. 

A third advancement in microbial biotechnology of steroid production was the abiUty to introduce a 16a-hydroxyl group microbiologicaHy (163). Modifications of the liP-hydroxylation, 16a-hydroxylation 1,2-dehydrogenation microbial processes are used for the synthesis of hydrocortisone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, and other steroid pharmaceuticals. A few microbial transformations that have been used to manufacture steroids are Hsted in Table 1 (164). 

Cake Filters - These are filters that are used to remove large amounts of solids from a slurry solution. They would normally be seen in biotechnology in the primary clarification of fermentation batches and in a variety of solids removal steps seen in the production of drugs via organic synthesis. 

The third category, cake filters, although well developed in many wastewater treatment applications, are the least developed of the filtration equipment use by the Biotech Industry. In the organic synthesis laboratory sometimes very simple equipment like a funnel and filter paper is used to accomplish this operation. Some other operations used for this filtration step in the lab are more sophisticated, but many are very labor intensive and limit the capacity of the overall production process itself. As a result, there is a need for optimization of the cake filtration equipment used in biotechnology. Cake filtration equipment is available in batch and continuous modes. Following are several examples of cake filtration units ... 

Mavrovouniotis, M. L., and Stephanopoulos, G. (1990). Computer-aided synthesis of biochemical pathways. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 36, 1119-1132. 

W. Hummel, in New Enzymes for Organic Synthesis. Screening, Supply and Engineering (T. Scheper, ed.) [Advances in Biochemical Engineering. Biotechnology, Vol. 58], p. 145. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997. 

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