Synfuels Fischer-Tropsch process

The oil industry has to enrich crude oil with hydrogen to produce lighter petroleum products. Today, the vast majority of hydrogen in refineries is produced by steam methane reforming, this production accounts for approximately 1% ( 0.3 Gt) of the C02 world emissions. For comparison, it is approximately equal to 15% of avoided C02 emissions thanks to the world nuclear reactors fleet. Besides, the tradition Fischer-Tropsch process to produce synfuels has a poor conversion yield and is a large C02 emitter one-third of the resource is used to produce the hydrogen required for the process, when another third is used to produce the energy required for the process. Two-thirds of the carbon resource is therefore converted directly into C02, and not into fuel. 

Mobil s Methanol-to-Gasoline (MTG) Process [1] is the first new synfuels process to be commercialized since the Fischer-Tropsch process of the 1920 s. The MTG process was chosen by New Zealand to convert natural gas from their extensive offshore Maui field into gasoline via methanol. Started up in late 1985, the plant at Motonui produces 14,500 BPD of premium gasoline, which is one third of New Zealand s total demand. 

Methanol To Gasoline) and MTS (Methanol To Synfuel), the production of fuels by oligomerization of olefins (Conversion of Olefins to Distillate, COD) or the synthesis of a wide range of hydrocarbons in Fischer-Tropsch processes. Some main features of these processes are outlined in the following sections. 

Fischer-Tropsch Process Process that indirectly converts coal, natural gas, or biomass through syngas into synthetic oil or synfuel (hquid hydrocarbons). 

Synfuel A synthetic liquid fuel (synthetic oil) obtained via the Fischer-Tropsch process or meth-anol-to-gasohne conversion. 

Synfuels derived from natural gas (and coal) via syngas in the Fischer-Tropsch process have an inherent high quality (being, for example, sulphur- and aromatics-... 

The considerations for methanol production are valid also for manufacture of synfuels. The manufacture of synthetic gasoline by the Mobil MTG (Yurchak, 1988) or Topsoe TIGAS process (Topp-Joergensen, 1988) proceeds via methanol or dimethylether as intermediate. Diesel can be manufactured by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis followed by hydrocracking of the wax product (v.d. Burgt et al., 1988). Slurry b Fischer-Tropsch processes for diesel may operate at a Hj/CO ratio slightly lower than for methanol synthesis (Dry, 1988). 

Indirect Liquefaction Process for converting coal into oil or synfuel by first gasifying it also know as the Fischer-Tropsch method. 

The Mobil methanol-to- oline (MTG) process is one of two current commercial technologies for producing synthetic fluid fuels from synthesis Until 1985, the sole "synfuel" process in commercial practice was the Sasol Process (in South Africa), which is based on classic Fischer-Tropsch chemistry and utilizes coal-derived synthesis The Sasol process produces a wide range of aliphatic hydrocarbon... 

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