Synergistic templating

Synergistic templating involves the usage of polymerisable surfactants. The target structure is self-assembled using polymerisable surfactants in solvent (usually water) and then... 

Polymerization offers an approach to making vesicle formulations suitable for appUcations. The maj or benefits of polymerization include increasing the chemical-mechanical strength of the vesicle architecture, and the potential for performing subsequently a variety of reactions to create a highly functionalized surface. The most common approach to polymerization in vesicles is to use polymerizable surfactants (Fig. 2a). The use of polymerizable surfactants is best described as the polymerization of vesicles or fixation of vesicles, and so is a synergistic template synthesis. Typically, unsaturated biological surfactants have been specificaUy synthesized for these types of polymerizations, and there are a number of excellent reviews of this subject [3-6]. 

In either the transcriptive or synergistic strategy, removal of the organic template by extraction or calcination renders the inorganic mesoporous structure. For synthetic schemes that are not compatible with the formation of stable template assemblies, an alternative approach is to use a preformed, templated inorganic host, such as mesoporous silica, as a mold to nanocast the desired material as an inverse replica of the host, such as that seen in Figure 14. ... 

Interactions Driven by the Synergistic Effect Brought by Both Solvent and Template... 

The principal motivation for studying these sugar-based microemulsion glasses came from the observation that water-oil-surfactant mixtures are extensively for nanomaterials synthesis with the central idea of switching dynamic self-assembly into chemically and mechanically stable supramolecular materials. Template polymerisations are classified as synergistic or transcriptive templating depending on whether the template itself participates in the reaction. 

Dissociation rate improvements of two to tenfold are typical for selections from initial mutagenic library. Two options are available if greater improvements are desired. The entire pool of mutant clones isolated from the original selection can be combined and used as template for another round of mutagenesis followed by selections. The mutations from individual clones can be combined in a site-specific manner to determine whether additive or synergistic effects are obtained. 

Fig. 2a, b. Templating vesicles a vesicle-forming polymerizable surfactants are fixed into place by polymerization (synergistic approach) b a hydrophobic monomer swells the interior of a vesicle bUayer and is subsequently polymerized to form a hoUow polymer shell (tran-scriptive approach)... 

To obtain nanocontainers, Wei et al. employed micelles as soft templates to assist the polymerization [83]. Hollow conical nanostructures are produced by a slow polymerization process (Figure 11.8). Microcontainers could be produced in the open or closed state by changing the polymerization time. However, as far as we are aware, most of the reported actuators were based on bulk materials or synergistic properties of nanostmcture bundles instead of single nanostmcture. Wei et al. realized the manipulation of separated nanocontainers by an electrochemical approach to control of the state of the nanocontainer in situ . Studying the switching of single nanostmctured CPs will open potential... 

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