Synchrotron radiation imaging

Tonner et al. have taken scanning XPS microscopies at the Advanced Light Source Synchrotron Radiation Center of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [2.6]. They investigated a polished and sputter-cleaned surface of mineral ilmenite with the nominal composition FeTi03, and used the Fe 3p and Ti 3p lines for imaging. Using synchrotron radiation they demonstrated spatial resolution of approximately 0.25 p,m. 

Fig. 7. A typical X-ray diffraction pattern of the Fepr protein fromZJ. vulgaris (Hil-denborough). The pattern was recorded on station 9.6 at the Synchrotron Radiation Source at the CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory using a wavelength 0.87 A and a MAR-Research image-plate detector system with a crystal-to-detector distance of 220 nun. X-ray data clearly extend to a resolution of 1.5 A, or even higher. The crystal system is orthorhombic, spacegroup P2i2i2i with unit cell dimensions, a = 63.87, b = 65.01, c = 153.49 A. The unit cell contains four molecules of 60 kDa moleculEu- weight with a corresponding solvent content of approximately 48%.

Doucet, J. (2003), New synchrotron radiation-based imaging techniques and archaeology, Phys. Chem. 117 (Molecular and Structural Archaeology Cosmetic and Therapeutic Chemicals) 179-192. 

A variety of detectors is used in the field of X-ray scattering. In fact, the proper choice of the detector (as well as the sample thickness) is essential for good quality of the recorded data, whereas the intensity of the synchrotron radiation determines the minimum cycle time between two snapshots - if a modern CCD detector is used. Gas-filled detectors cannot be used to record high-intensity scattering patterns. Image plates need a minimum time of 2 min for read-out and erasure. 

Except for in house preliminary studies, the intensities of X-rays diffracted by hydrogenase crystals are now usually obtained with synchrotron radiation (Fig. 6.2) and detected by image plate or charge coupled device (CCD) detectors. To limit the damage induced by the powerful photon flux of synchrotrons, the crystals are usually mounted in a small loop, flash cooled in either liquid propane or nitrogen and stored... 

In this chapter we discuss double-crystal topography, in which we obtain a map of the diffracting power of a crystal compared to that of a reference. We first treat the principles and geometries, the mechanisms of image contrast and resolution and the ttse of laboratory and synchrotron radiation. We then discuss applicatiorrs wafer inspection, strain contour mapping, topography of curved crystals. 

Figure 10.8 Mechanism for formation of the bimodal image seen in many synchrotron radiation topographs...

Amemiya, Y., Satow, Y., Matsushita, T., Chikawa, J., Wakabayashi, K., and Miyahara, J. A Storage Phosphor Detector (Imaging Plate) and Its Application to Diffraction Studies Using Synchrotron Radiation. 147,121-144 (1988). 

Cloetens, P., Barrett, R., Bamchel, J., Guigay, J.P., and Schlenker, M. 1996. Phase objects in synchrotron radiation hard X-ray imaging. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 29, 133-146. 

Amemiya Y (1995) Imaging plates for use with synchrotron radiation. J Synchrotron Rad 2 13-21... 

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