Synchronous Reference frame

In the steady state the transformation of the three-phase currents and voltages into their d and q axis equivalents, when the rotor is rotating at the synchronous speed, causes them to become constant values. The magnitude of these constant values is equal to the peak value of their corresponding rms values in the phase windings. This is because the transformations have been made with a synchronous reference frame. 

In the sequel, some general issues concerning AC-machines modeling, mainly change of variables through coordinate transformation (reference-frame theory, see [8]) are discussed. This is followed by the presentation of machine schematics in machine variables and equivalent circuits in transformed variables of both the synchronous and the induction machines, under detailed modeling assumptions. This is accompanied by the corresponding BG models of both machines in transformed variables. Finally, simplified models of the induction motor usually encountered in control system applications are addressed. 

Fig. 8.7 Equivalent circuit of p-pole pair, 3-phase synchronous machine in rotor-fixed reference frame, generator convention...

Fig. 8.21 Rotor-fixed reference-frame BG of synchronous reluctance motor...

A final step is required to ensure that phase mismatches don t occur between frames. As the pitch synchronous analysis was performed without reference to the instant of glottal closure they do not necessarily align. A time domain technique is now used to adjust the relative positions of the waveforms within the frames to ensure that they all align. 

In speech synthesis, it is common to perform pitch-synchronous analysis, in which the frame is centred around the pitch period. Since pitch is generally changing, this makes the frame shift variable. Pitch-synchronous analysis has the advantage that each frame represents the output of the same process, that is, the excitation of the vocal tract with a glottal pulse. In unvoiced sections, the frame rate is calculated at even intervals. Of course, for pitch-synchronous analysis to work, we must know where the pitch periods actually are this is not a trivial problem and wftl be addressed further in Section 12.7.2. Note that fixed-frame-shift analysis is sometimes referred to as pitch-asynchronous analysis. 

In order to synchronize IS-sensor with other embedded sensors in system the time base and data evaluation time frame being used during system runtime have been streamlined by referring to Kinect sensor time base and taking the least common multiple of respective sensor evaluation time frames. 

Figure 9 presents the deformed sub-structure shapes for the reference building during a response time history analysis (THA). The shapes illustrate the synchronized seismic responses of two core walls and the frame as well as the flexibility of the floor and shear deformations in the wall. 

The part of first group the management of commucation serial line protocol is. Standardized communication protocol is a precondition for a stable and resilient communication between devices. Communication between BluesenseAD and the computer is executed on a arrhythmic seridl line in the both directions, that means duplex. Type of transmission is commonly referred as asynchronous but the correct name is arrhythmical because between the facilities there is some synchronization in the form of special marks at the beginning and end of the frame. [6] For the detection of communication errors cyclic redundancy sum CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is used which even allows, in some cases, to correct transmission error [7]. 

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