Swelling types

Many clay minerals have aluminosilicate layer structures. For example, in kaolinite, Al2(0H)4[Si205] (Fig. 7.5), the Al3+ are all in octahedral locations. Clay minerals of the smectite or swelling type, such as montmo-rillonite, can absorb large amounts of water between the aluminosilicate... 

If one proceeds in this way, it does not cause problems in treating constant-volume deformations (i.e. dry network deformations), but it meets with obstacles in swelling type strains because the logarithmic term HvlnXxXyXz in Eq. (III-9) is absent in the simplified treatment of Eq. (IV-5). A full derivation according to the HFW approach but employing the series distribution Eq. (IV-4), is, however, not available. 

Since gels which lack hydrophobic interactions are thought to show a thermo-swelling type of the transition, we applied our model to such systems to confirm its applicability. Calculated results are plotted against the reduced temperature (7 ) at various ft values in Fig. IS. The transition points were determined from the Maxwell construction. The calculated swelling curves reveal the thermoswelling behavior. An increase in fi enhances the ma tude of the volume change and lowers the transition temperature. 

Illite as a non-swelling clay mineral of layer structure plays a very important role in our studies. This special role is due to the fact that both sides of the surface of the silicate lamellae are made up of Si04-tetrahedron planar lattices, and this structure - even when hydrophobized - is identical with the surface structure of montmorillonite and vermiculite, both of which are of the swelling type. 

Cellular budding Organelle swelling type 3B death, paraptosis (8-10)... 

Polymer Swelling-type Hygroscopic resin Conductivity change depending 20-90<9 r.h. <1 min. Humidity measurement [46]... 

Resistance-humidity characteristics of a swelling-type sensor consisting of polyethylen-oxide-sorbitol. 

Uses Thixotrope, antisagging agent, antisetfling agent for heavy duty primers and high build anticorrosive paints Features Particle swelling type Properties Powd. 100% solids UseLevei 0.5-2% (50-70 C)... 

Features Superior shear thinning, non-seeding, easier brushing and spraying at similar vise. exe. stability and pot life low applie. vise. particle swelling type... 

FIGURE 6-2. Layer structures of micas and swelling-type clays, with their typical interlayer distances corresponding to one, two, or three molecular water l rs in the interlayer space. 

Bentonite ben-t n- It (1898) n. Very finegrained clay (a mixture and not a definite mineral type) derived from volcanic ash and consisting largely of montmorillonite mineral. Two classes of Bentonite are recognized (1) sodium bentonite, which is a swelling type in water and (2) calcium bentonite or subbentonite, which exhibits httle swelling in water. 

The polymer should be either of the relativity rigid ( nonswellable ) or of the quite flexible ( swelling ) type ... 

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