Sweet spot

Location of the Reaction Flask. We found that irradiation from the ultrasonic cleaner is most effective when the flask is positioned in the bath to achieve maximum turbulence of the reagents. This "sweet spot" is the point of maximum cavitation and assures optimum energy transfer to the reaction medium. In practice, this focal point of intensity may move after several hours, possibly because of distortion of the steel bottom caused by local heating of the transducer. 

Alper, J. (2001). Searching for medicine s sweet spot. Science 291, 2338-2343. 

VIPs That Apply the Value Methodology Nearly all VIPs are conducted only once in a project at a sweet spot where maximum benefit is found. For example, the process simplification VIP is anchored at the first appearance of the preliminary PFDs, while the value engineering VIP and the design to capacity VIP are anchored at the first issue of the P IDs. Both oF these apply the value methodology [Society of American Value Engineers International (SAVE)] that has produced excellent results in industry for more than 55 years. The typical approach and steps for these three unique VIPs are presented below. 

When determining where the power is used, it may come as a surprise that most power is used in a relatively narrow range between a couple of hundred volts to a couple of thousand volts and between an amp to several hundred amps, as can be seen in Figure 1.12. This range lies within the sweet spot for SiC unipolar devices. 

Figure 1.12 The application for power devices relative to their blocking voltage and current ratings. Most power is used in a comparatively narrow range of voltage (200-2,000V) and between 1 Ato several hundred amps. This lies within the sweet spot for SiC unipolar devices. (After [67].)...

The technology developed in the Mallik production test should be transferred to recover hydrates from the sweet spots of high concentrations in the ocean, such as at Barkley Canyon or the Gulf of Mexico. 

The cold seeps at Hydrate Ridge, cause this site to be labeled a sweet spot of high hydrate concentration, relative to others such as the Blake-Bahama Ridge (ODP Leg 164) example that may be more representative of hydrate deposits in the world. Trehu et al. (2004a) estimate 1.5-2 x 108 m3(STP) of methane for the summit deposit, on the basis of the drilling and seismic data, which also define the limits of the deposit. Trehu (Personal Communication, January 8, 2006) indicated that this amount is comparable to a small gas field, not economical unless facilities are already in place. 

The hydrates-in-nature paradigm is currently changing from reservoir assessment to production from the most likely reservoirs. However, most of the methane-containing hydrates are in low concentrations (<3.5 vol%) in the ocean bottom. While production of gas from such lean, deep-lying hydrates is now too expensive, mankind is currently poised to produce hydrates, first from hydrates overlying gas in permafrost, then in the near future we will produce gas from sweet spots of high concentrations in the ocean, near where the distribution infrastructure exists. 

With the hydrate technology from permafrost and ocean sweet spots in hand, it is likely that one day mankind will need to tap the leaner hydrate fuel source to meet growing energy demands. 

M. von Itzstein Carbohydrate-recognising proteins as targets for drug research J. C. Paulson Sialoside sweet spots. 

Brown, D., and Superti-Furga, G (2003). Rediscovering the sweet spot in drug discovery. Drug Discovery Today 8, 1067-1077. 

Paulson JC, Blixt O, Collins BE. Sweet spots in functional glycomics. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2006 2 238-248. 

She s as lovely as her musical name and then some, but Martinique s got attitude She s a bit of a tease. She plays hard to get with our man, but he eventually finds her sweet spot and discovers what makes this French-Creole natural beauty so alluring. 

Joseph Alper, Searching for Medicine s Sweet Spot, Science, 291 (2001), 2338-2343. 

We subsequently studied the relationship between the reaction s acidity and both the activity and regioselectivity of oxidative coupling processes. We initially found that acidic conditions produced fast reactions, but often led to decomposition of the substrates and/or products, particularly when the substrates were electron rich (i.e., A-alkylindoles). Reactions that contained no acid were slower and could accommodate sensitive, electron-rich heterocycles however, they often did not reach completicai. Buffered reactions containing both carboxylic acids and metal acetates were amenable to a wide variety of substrates and could be readily tuned to provide a good balance of reactivity and selectivity (note the sweet spot at 3 equiv. PivOH in Figure 2). 

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