Surface modifier coating level

The hydrogel coatings achieved the lowest limits of detection (LTD) 1300 to 1600 amoles/spot, but exhibited significant assay variation (22% intra-slide to 37% inter-slide CV). LLD levels of surface-modified polysfyrene slides (Maxisorb black. Nunc) equaled 1500 amole/spof af 15 to 32% CV, while reflective (mirror-like) slides coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysi-lane (Amersham) showed the lowest variahon with CVs at 11 to 14%. 

The deliberate modification of electrode surfaces by coating with one or more layers of electroactive material has been used for a variety of purposes. Solar energy conversion, electrochromism, corrosion protection, and electrocatalysis are but a few of the applications which are currently of interest. The use of in situ Raman spectroscopic studies can help to determine the structural characteristics of electrode coatings at the molecular level and can provide information on the mechanisms of electrochemical reactions occurring at modified electrode surfaces. 

As the source of material (sputtering target) is a solid, a variety of electrode configurations can be used e.g., depositing material downward, upward or sideways. It is possible to electrically bias workpieces being coated. This can encourage a level of ion bombardment that can modify the surface and structure of a coating. 

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