Surface modification of inorganic particles

Yoshinaga K. Surface modification of inorganic particles Surfactant Science Series 92. Sugimoto T, editor. Fine particles, synthesis, characterization and mechanism of growth. New York, NY Marcel Dekker 2000. pp. 626-46. 

Fig. 1 Functional groups attached to hydroxyl surfaces. Reprinted from Kohji Yoshinaga Surface modifications of inorganic particles in Fine Particles Synthesis, Characterization, and Mechanism of Growth Tadao Sugimoto Marcel Dekker, New York (2000) 626-646 (Chap. 12.1), Copyright 2000 with permission from Marcel Dekker...

To create particles with a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell, preformed hydrophobic polymer particles can be used as substrate for the covalent grafting of hydrophilic polymer chains. Aqueous emulsion polymerization is thus the method of choice for synthesis of core particles with submicrometric diameter (due to the scope of this review article, discussion will be restricted to aqueous emulsion polymerization, although some examples of particle substrates created via suspension polymerization exist however, with much larger diameters). The grafting methods are very close to those used for the surface modification of inorganic materials, such as for instance silicon wafers or colloidal silica particles [46,48-52], Various strategies can be employed such as ... 

Tsubokawa, N. (1999). Modification of Inorganic particles by Grafting of Functional Polymers. In Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Chemically Modified Surface, Blits, J. P Little, C. B (Eds.), 36-51, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London Tsubokawa, N. Takayama, T. (2000). Surface Modification of Chitosan Powder by Grafting of "Dendrimer-hke" Hyp>erbranched Polymer onto the Surface. Reactive and Functional Polymer, 43,341-350... 

In general, surface modification of inorganic fillers can be carried out by utilizing physical or chemical interactions between the fillers and the modifiers. The resultant bonding is often a mixture of secondary and chemical bonds. There is no evident difference between the treatments of micro-particles and nanoparticles, except that it is quite difficult for the surface modifiers to penetrate into the tightly bonded nanoparticle agglomerates, especially in the case of physical treatments such as surfactant treatment and polymer encapsulation. 

Modification for inverse combination—that is, modification of polymer particle surface with inorganic materials—might meet more closely the scope of this... 

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