Surface irregularity index

Fig. 10 relates the composite extraction index (see above) obtained in the low-shear aqueous test system for these Tween surfactants, and adhesion tensions measured against various solids. Adhesion tensions against platinum and bitumen saturated pyrophyllite are irregularly related to tar sand extraction, while the adhesion tension against a fresh pyrophyllite surface is linearly (inversely) related to tar sand extraction. This is the first linear correlation between a measurable property of a surfactant solution and tar sand extraction which we have been able to obtain, and there appears to be no such finding in the literature. Fig. 11 gives the relations between extraction of bitumen with the paddle mill, solvent-aqueous-surfactant extraction and adhesion tensions measured against platinum, bitumen saturated pyrophyllite and hydrated (48 hours in water) pyrophyllite. 

Several methods have been developed for quantifying dental fluorosis. The most commonly used method is Dean s index [49], which classifies fluorosis on a scale of 0 to 4 as follows class 0, no fluorosis class 1, very mild fluorosis (opaque white areas irregularly covering <25% of the tooth surface) class 2, mild fluorosis (white areas covering 25-50% of the tooth surface) class 3, moderate fluorosis (all surfaces affected, with some brown spots and marked wear on surfaces subject to attrition) and class 4, severe fluorosis (widespread brown stains and pitting). The average score of the two most severely affected teeth is used to derive the classification. Other commonly used methods to rate dental fluorosis include the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI) [50] and the tooth surface... 

A variety of standard and specialized applicators exist for pressure-sensitive labeling. Standard portable head applicators provide top, side, and bottom labeling. These applicators use one of several basic methods available for application of automatic pressure-sensitive labels. In a tamp-blow method of application, the label is dispensed from the backing web and held in position by vacuum on a tamp pad. The tamp pad is indexed 0.8-1.5 cm away from the product, and then the label is applied to the product by a gentle blast of air. Tamp-blow applications are used for a large array of packages that have irregular, curved, or recessed surfaces. 

Films were drawn from solutions containing 8.2x10 mol/dm of purified hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HDTAB) and 8.4 wt% glycerol (added to gain better control of the water vapor pressure equilibrium) in twice-destilled water. The refractive index of the solution was taken (/j= 1.337) the surface tension was y = 39 mN/m (=39 dynes/cm), and the dielectric constant e was 76.2. All measurements were carried out at 25° C. To avoid irregular drainage of the film upon refreshment of the surface inside the vessel, the temperature of the stock solution (see Section VII.B.l) was carefully controlled. 

The available method of estimation of photosynthetic productivity by plant surface (leaf area index) has some restrictions caused by irregularity of chlorophyll distribution in plant. It has been shown in some publications [1,2,3] that index based on total chlorophyll content in plant has some advantages. 

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