Surface instability index

To aid in analysis of these surface stmctures, a new metric was defined surface instability index (SII) [15]. The SII is calculated similar to the global instability index (G, Eq. 2.21 of Brown [16]), except that only the atoms in the surface structure and the first bulk layer are included. Enterkin and coworkers demonstrated... 

Secondary bond A bond with a smaller than average valence, formed by an atom with one or more stereoactive lone pairs of electrons Surface instability index The root mean squared deviation of the bond valence sum from the atomic valence averaged over the atoms forming the surface of a solid... 

Fig. 2 Change in Sll and bulk instability index (instability index for the innermost stoichiometric layer in the slab) with number of layers in calculation slab for the SrTiOs (110) half02 surface. Figure adapted with permission from [15]...

Indices have been developed to express the instability of the environment in quantitative terms. An example is the lifted index, the computation of which is illustrated in Fig. 5 for an environment typical of that in which tomadic thunderstorms form. Surface air is lifted dry adiabatically (dashed curve) until it becomes saturated (at the lifted condensation level). Then it is lifted moist adiabatically to the 500-millibar (mbar) pressure level, passing, in this example, the level of free convection, above which the... 

Internal radiation through the crystal depends largely on the absorption coefficient and the refraction index. The first parameter determines the radiative heat absorption and emission inside the crystal, while the second determines reflection and refraction of radiation at the crystal side surface. The absorption coefficient of a melt is generally much greater than that of a crystal. Therefore, radiation is crucial in heat removal from the melt through the crystal/melt interface RTH within the crystal can even lead to instability of the crystallization front [5]. The refraction... 

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