Surface image analysis

Physical testing appHcations and methods for fibrous materials are reviewed in the Hterature (101—103) and are generally appHcable to polyester fibers. Microscopic analyses by optical or scanning electron microscopy are useful for evaluating fiber parameters including size, shape, uniformity, and surface characteristics. Computerized image analysis is often used to quantify and evaluate these parameters for quaUty control. 

The three-dimensional structure of the sodium channel (from electric eel) was determined at 19-A resolution using cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle image analysis. The sodium channel has a bell-shaped outer surface of 135 A in height, 100 A in side length at the square bottom, and 65 A in diameter of the spherical top. An interesting finding is that there are several inner cavities connected to outer orifices. 

OM Identification of compounding ingredients, particle size, dispersion, surface blooming, image analysis... 

EPMA Solid Wide (Z > 4) Surface, imaging, micro-analysis 3... 

Two general methods have evolved. One uses a stirred tank system, while the other depends on the measurement of particle size or surface area change via particle counting or image analysis techniques. 

Artyushkova K, Fulghum JE (2002) Multivariate image analysis methods applied to XPS imaging data sets. Surface Interface Anal 33 185... 

There is considerable interest in measuring the concentration of cell surface markers, such as Her2Ineu. For image analysis, this is a very difficult problem. 

Stump, R.F., Pfeiffer, J.R., Schneebeck, M.C., Seagrave, J.C., and Oliver, J.M. (1989) Mapping gold-labeled receptors on cell surfaces by backscattered electron imaging and digital image analysis Studies of the IgE receptor on mast cells. Am. J. Anat. 185, 128-141. 

See also SEM/EDS detectors used in, 24 78 development of, 16 487-488 electron sources used in, 24 77-78 in surface imaging, 24 75-76 silica, 22 371-372 for trace evidence, 12 100 Scanning probe microscopies, in surface and interface analysis, 24 80-84 Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), 16 466, 495-503... 

Besides the molecular probe method using gas adsorption,107 162 recently, the TEM image analysis method163"167 has been applied to evaluate the surface fractal dimension of porous materials. The most attractive fact in this method is that the pores in different size ranges can be extracted from the TEM images which include contributions from many different pore sizes by the inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation by selecting the specific frequency range.165 167... 

S. N. Magonov and M-H. Whangbo, Surface Analysis with STM and AFM, Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Image Analysis, VCH, New York, 1996. 

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