Surface concept

Nissen, J., Gritsch, S., Wiegand, G. and Radler, J. O. (1999) Wetting of phospholipid membranes on hydrophilic surfaces — Concepts towards self-healing membranes. Eur. Phys.J. B, 10, 335—344. 

Fig. 9 Response surface concept and results of the second case study. (From Ref. 16.)...

One important use of experimental designs is to achieve optimum operating conditions of industrial processes. For a discussion of this application, see Box and Wilson (1951). This paper is extraordinarily rich in response surface concepts. What is the steepest ascent technique discussed in this paper What models are assumed, and what experimental designs are used ... 

Other coordinate systems may be used for failure surface representations in addition to stress space. Blatz and Ko (11) indicate that either stress (Stress space is most commonly used because the failure surface concept was originally applied to metals, for which stress and strain are more simply related. Viscoelastic materials, on the other hand, may show a multitude of strain values at a given stress level, depending on test conditions. 

Smart Polymer Surfaces Concepts and Applications in Biosciences... 

It should be also noted that the field of smart polymer surfaces is not limited to the macromolecular structures presented in the first part of this chapter. Although some classic stimuli-responsive polymers such as PNIPAM or poly(acrylic acid) have been studied for several years, new exciting options are reported every week in the polymer literature. For instance, the synthesis of chemo- and bioresponsive polymers is a topic in full expansion [9], Thus, new developments in the fields of bioassays and biosensors may be expected in the near future. For instance, more advanced surface concepts (e.g., multiresponsive behaviors, signal cascades) can be anticipated with reasonable certainty. 

It first introduces the reader to the fundamentals of experimental design. Systems theory, response surface concepts, and basic statistics serve as a basis for the further development of matrix least squares and hypothesis testing. The effects of different experimental designs and different models on the variance-covariance matrix and on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are extensively discussed. Applications and advanced topics such as confidence bands, rotatability, and confounding complete the text. Numerous worked examples are presented. 

The molecular surface concept is not only useful for a representation of the bulkiness and the shape of molecules. These surfaces can also be used as screens for the visualization of many properties by means of color coding techniques. Color coding is a popular means of displaying scalar information on a surface. " " Every three-dimensional scalar or vector field that may be generated on the basis of the position of atomic or molecular fragments can be visualized by color coding on a given surface. 

Although there are a number of techniques that have been proposed to solve the surface matching problem, they all suffer from the fact that an inherent uncertainty is replaced by ad hoc procedures. Even if the molecular surface concept is replaced by a one parameter family of isosurfaces," this does not lead to a unique matching technique. 

A further modification of the rotating surface concept is that of the nested cone. This allows the use of inclined surfaces to the centrifugal acceleration in a similar manner to the cone but with two major differences. The first is that the design is more compact as the axial component of flow alternates as the liquid moves from conical surface to conical surface, which reduces the axial space required for the device. The second difference is that the liquid detaches from the surface as it moves from surface to surface, leading to periodic impacts and the potential for increased mixing at the point of impact. This can further be enhanced by the use of nested cones where the upper and the lower sections are moving at different rotational speeds, or even in opposite directions of rotation at the expense of increased power demand on the shaft. 

MacCarthy, P. and Smith, G. C. (1979). Stability surface concept A quantitative model for complexation in multiligand mixtures. In Chemical Modeling in Aqueous Systems (E. A. Jenne, ed.). ACS Symp. Ser. No. 93, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 94-114. 

Donelan MA and Wanninkhof R (2002) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces - Concepts and Issues, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, edited by M. A. Donelan, W. M. Diennan, E. S. Saltzman, and R. Wanninkhof, Geophysical Monograph 127, 1-10, American Geophysical Union... 

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the adaptation of the Sumi-Marcus two-dimensional free energy surface concept for intramolecular electron transfer in solutions of electrolytes parabolic potential along the solvent reorganization coordinate and Coulornb potential along the counterion translational motion coordinate. The scaling of the two components Apaiar Aonic> Is arbitrary.

---