Surface deformation using Odemarks equivalent thickness concept

1 Surface deformation using Odemark s equivalent thickness concept 

Odemark also developed an equation for calculating the elastic surface deflection, w, in a two-layer system. The equation developed is as follows (the elastic deflection, w, at the centre of the loading area)  

The surface deflection in a two-layer system can also be calculated by a nomograph given in Odemark (1949). 

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