Surface coating and coupling

The surface modification methods of inorganic whiskers mainly include the wet method, dry method, in situ polymerization, sol-gel method, surface coating and coupling agent modification, self-assembly method, and so on. 

In surface coating and coupling treatment, first the whisker surface is coated with a layer of inorganic substance, such as... 

The n-butanol is used as a latent solvent and coupling aid in nitrocellulose lacquer formulations to improve blush resistance, flow and leveling properties of the lacquers. The alcohol is also used for urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins in surface coatings and in wood laminating adhesives. n-Butanol serves as an extraction solvent in the pharmaceutical industry. 

The major electrochemical reaction at the anode surface is oxygen and chlorine evolution coupled with oxidation of the active carbon to carbon dioxide. Eventually all the carbon is removed from the anode coating and this allows perforation of the copper conductor leading to ultimate anode failure. 

Dendrimers can be used to effectively coat and passivate fluorescent quantum dots to make biocompatible surfaces for coupling proteins or other biomolecules. In addition, the ability of dendrimers to contain guest molecules within their three-dimensional structure also has led to the creation of dendrimer-metal nanoclusters having fluorescent properties. In both applications, dendrimers are used to envelop metal or semiconductor nanoparticles that possess fluorescent properties useful for biological detection. 

Uptake of low-density lipoprotein has been studied479 as a prototype of a receptor-mediated pathway for internalization of external macromolecules. It is a coupled process by which selected, extracellular proteins or peptides are first bound to specific, cell-surface receptors, and then rapidly internalized by the cell. Internalization follows clustering of receptors in specialized regions of the cell surface, called coated pits, that invaginate, to form coated vesicles. 

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