Surface climate

RADIATIVE FORCING OF THE TROPOSPHERE-SURFACE CLIMATE SYSTEM... 

Marengo, J. 1992 "Interannual variability of surface climate in the Amazon Basin." International Journal of Climatology. 12 853-863. 

Changes in solar irradiance can modify the physical structure, dynamics, and chemical composition of the middle atmosphere. The question of effects of solar activity on the troposphere, particularly the surface climate, has been a subject of scientific and public fascination for many decades. However, it has been stressed that despite a massive literature on the subject, there is at present little or no evidence of... 

The goal of this section is not to address the Sun s influence on surface climate, but rather to consider its role in variability of ozone in the mesosphere and stratosphere, again with a view towards this perturbation as a test of some components of ozone photochemistry. 

Kleidon, A., Fraedrich, K., and Heimann, M. (2000). A green planet versus a desert world estimating the maximum effect of vegetation on the land surface climate. Climatic Change 44,471 -493. 

Gott. R., Land Without Evil Utopian Journeys Across the South American Watershed, Verso Books, 1993. Hijmans, R.J., Cameron, S., and Parra, J, WorldCum, a square kilometer resolution database of global terrestrial surface climate (version 1. 2. ), http //biogeo.berkeley.edu/, 2004. 

Keywords ViPQuali Service Life Prediction Weathering UV Spectral sensitivity Temperature Polypropylene Dose-response function (DRF) PP polypropylene PP/PE copolymer Photoageing Photoaging Spectral irradiance Irradiance Arrhenius Surface climate Simulation HALS... 

For numerical simulation, first challenge is computing momentary surface climate of the hats in the IP/DP box, on the base of weather data. Meshing created geometries, attention was paid to sufficient fine structures at borders [8]. For calculating radiation actions, solar radiation had to be divided into direct and diffuse portions. For direct solar radiation, shade formation had to be calculated. 

Simulating the surface climate, influence of radiation, convection, and heat flow were investigated, separately, and found that none of them can be neglected [8], Due to calculational limitations, irradiance was not included and spectrally resolved. Instead, outside the IP/DP box, it was approximated by ASTM G 173-3 spectral irradiance. For glass transmission, angle-independent spectral transmittance was supposed, for the whole range of direct radiation incident. 

Taking account of shade formation, radiation interactions, and fluid dynamics, surface climate could be modelled, based on sun position, air temperature, air velocity, and (long wave) environmental radiation data [8],... 

The computed surface climate is consistent with measured surface temperatures (black standard temperature) at different IP/DP box walls [8]. Components surface... 

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