Solar spectral irradiance

CIE Publication No. 85 [2] provides data on solar spectral irradiance for typical atmospheric conditions. A condensed version of a table for maximum global irradiance at the equator is given in ISO 4892-1 [3]. Reference solar spectral irradiance can be found in ISO 9845-1 [4] and analytical expressions for daily solar profiles are given in IEC 61725 [5], but this sort of data cannot generally be used to provide simplistic average acceleration factors. 

CIE TC2-17, Solar Spectral Irradiation, Publication CIE 85, Wien, Austria, 1989. 

ISO 9845-1, Solar energy - Reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving conditions - Part 1 Direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1,5 (available in English only), 1992. 

The general requirements for accelerated weathering apparatus are given in ISO 4892-1 [29], whilst ISO 4892 Parts 2-4 [26-28] deal more specifically with xenon arcs, fluorescent tubes and carbon arcs respectively. ISO 4892 refers to ISO 9370 [30] (Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests), and CIE publication 85 (Solar spectral irradiance) [31]. 

Fig. 3.19a Solar spectral irradiance (global AM 1.5) and the fraction of the irradiance above A,niin where A,niin is the minimum wavelength at which the spectral irradiance has a measurable value [101],...

FIGURE 16.6 Spectral irradiation of unfiltered solar simulator compared to zero air mass solar spectral irradiance (adapted from Winer et al., 1979). 

Figure 13. Solar spectral irradiance curve (From reference 33).

ASTM, Standard Solar Constant and Zero Air Mass Solar Spectral Irradiance Tables, Standard E490-00a, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000. 

Fig. 4.18 Solar spectral irradiance E outside of the atmosphere. A new solar spectral irradiance curve for the aerospace community data taken from http // rredc.nrel.gov/solar/standards/amO/newamO.html.

Wavelength range AX/nm Solar spectral irradiance E ,Ax/V/m-" Relative values with respect to Ea,= 1367 Wm- ... 

Figure 8 Solar spectral irradiance (AM 1.5) in terms of radiation energy versus photon wavelength (Bird et al., 1985).

The photostability testing of drug substances should be performed using a wavelength band that is related to real conditions. A helpful guidance is the definition of the spectral power distribution for solar spectral irradiance defined by the... 

Figure 1 Wavelength distribution of a xenon lamp with a specific ultraviolet filter compared to the solar spectral irradiance according to the Commission Internationale de I Eclairage.

Commission Internationale de TEclairage (CIE) Technical Report Solar Spectral Irradi-ance. Publication CIE No. 85. Vienna, 1989. 

The light absorption rate of a given chromophore in a water body depends both on the solar spectral irradiance reaching the water surface and on changes in the spectral irradiance as it penetrates down into the water (20, 21). Light absorption and scattering in the stratosphere and troposphere affect... 

Direct photoreaction (eq 4) is important only for halocarbons (e.g., aromatic compounds) that significantly absorb radiation at wavelengths >295 nm, the cutoff for solar spectral irradiance at the earth s surface. Because saturated chlorinated and fluorinated organic compounds, including methylchloroform and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb solar radiation very weakly, their direct photoreaction is very slow in the sea and in fresh waters. As discussed in a later section, photoreactions of these compounds may be accelerated by sorption and indirect photoreactions in natural waters. Saturated and olefinic polv-brominated and iodinated organic compounds have long absorption tails that extend beyond 295 nm. Direct photoreaction of such compounds in aquatic environments may be significant. 

M.G. Barron, E.E. Little, R. Calfee, S. Diamond (2000). Quantifying solar spectral irradiance in aquatic habitats for the assessment of photoenhanced toxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 920-925. 

D.M. DeNicola, K.D. Hoagland (1996). Effects of solar spectral irradiance (visible to UV) on a prairie stream epilithic community. J. North Am. Benth. Soc., 15,155-169. 

Van Hoosier, M E., J.-D.F. Bartoe, G.E. Brueckner, and D.K. Prinz, Absolute solar spectral irradiance 120 nm-400 nm (Results from the Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance Monitor — SUSIM — experiment on board Spacelab 2). Astrophys Lett Commun 27, 163, 1988. 

Commission Internationale de L Eclairage (CIE), 1989, Technical Report Solar Spectral Irradiance, Report No. 85. 

Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance Air Mass 1.5, http //rredc.nrel.gov/solar/spectra/amL5/ (Accessed December 4 2015)... 

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